Captivity of Marine Mammals

Captivity of Marine Mammals The concern that is being presented is that of whether we should allow marine parks to stay open has been extensively debated in our community of late. It is a significant issue due to the fact that it concerns deep-seated moral and economic questions about the utilization of our native wildlife. There have been an extensive range of different arguments being pushed to the forefront about this issue. In this essay, the arguments will be considered of that for having marine parks and point to some of the problems with these views.Afterward, reasons will be put forward for the introduction of regulations which disallow these uncalled for and malicious institutions to be in existence. It has been argued that dolphin parks provide the only prospect for much of the public to see marine mammals. It is argued that most Australians live in cities and by no means get to see these animals. The claim is that marine parks give the Australians the opportunity to truly appreciate our wildlife.However, dolphins, whales and seals can be viewed in the wild at numeral places on the coast of Australia. In fact, there are a lot more places where they can be seen in the wild compared to those in which they can be seen in captivity. Furthermore, most Australians would have to endure less travel to get to these locations than they would to get to the marine parks on the Gold Coast. Also, places where wild marine mammals are located do not charge an inflated entry fee; these places are free to the public.It is debated that we need marine parks for scientific research and the knowledge which is obtained, can be useful for planning for the conservation of marine mammal species. However, park research is only useful for understanding imprisoned animals and is not constructive for education about animals in their natural habitat. The biology of dolphins and whales varies under marine park conditions. This has an effect on their diet, life spans and they are als o more prone to disease in this environment.Also, marine mammals in dolphin parks are trained and have their behavior modified, which means that their patterns of social behavior are changed. Therefore the research that is conducted at marine parks is commonly not dependable. It is the contention that marine parks attract a lot of foreign tourists, which goes on to emphasize that these tourists squander a lot of money, escalating our foreign exchange income and supplementing our national balance of payments. However, foreign tourists would still be attracted to visit Australia whether these facilities were open or not.It is shown in numerous surveys conducted of overseas tourists show that they come here for a variety of other reasons and not to visit places like SeaWorld. Tourists come here to see our native wildlife in its natural habitat and not to see it imprisoned in cages and cement pools. They have the ability to see those types of things without leaving their own country. Fu rthermore; we should be more concerned with the promotion of our beautiful natural environment to tourists and not the ugly concrete marine park venues.The widespread uses of marine mammal parks are downright cruel. The situation in which dolphins and whales are kept in these parks are very small, cramped ponds, when in the wild they are used to roving elongated distances across the seas. Furthermore, the concrete walls of the pools create an interference with the animals' sonar systems of communication. In addition, holding them captive in pools is a dreadful constraint of the freedom of fellow creatures that may have very elevated levels of intelligence and sophisticated language aptitude.Also, there are many acknowledged instances of marine mammals assisting humans who are in jeopardy at sea or helping fisherman with their work. The conclusion comes to the fact that these parks should be shut down, or at the very least, no new species should be captured for marine parks in the fu ture. Our society is no longer prepared to put up with uncalled for brutality to animals for the sake of science and entertainment. If we carry on with our past crimes against these creatures we will forever be remembered as cruel and inhuman by the generations of the future.

Plato the Republic Essay

Art has always been controversial in a society because of the many different ways the artist tends to express themselves. Plato, who helped lay the foundation for western culture, saw the problems in art over 2,000 years ago. Plato’s The Republic is a series of books that discusses the republic that Plato is trying to create. In each book Plato touches on different topics dealing with the art, that he feels effect society then. Today, some of the points that Plato argue can still be argued. Plato looks only at the negative effects that art can have, rather than the positive effects. In Book II, Plato focuses on fictitious stories told to children while their growing up. Plato’s first plan is to â€Å"create a censorship of the writers of fiction† (Plato 13). The job of these people will be to pick which stories are â€Å"good â€Å"and which stories are â€Å"bad†. For some people, books like Harry Potter are good and for others it is bad. The point is that one person’s definition of one thing might be the antithesis of another person’s definition. The censorship of writers can be both useful and not useful. The censorship of writers can be useful, because it might keep certain arts out of the child’s hand. It could be not useful because, the parent will make the ultimate decision if the child will hear or read the story. The next point is what makes the people chosen qualified to select what the children should hear, or not. Once again, it brings up the point of people having their own definition of good and bad. In society today, there are ratings to television shows and movies. Some are not rated for children but in the end the parent makes the decision on what the child is allowed to watch. So instead of having a censorship committee, he should educate the parents more. Plato then goes to talk about the effects of letting children hear tales by saying â€Å"and shall we just carelessly allow children to hear any causal tales which may be devised by causal persons, and to receive into their minds ideas for the most part the very opposite of those which we should wish them to have when they grow up† (Plato 13). This shows how Plato only looks the negative effects of art. The positive about having villains in art is they give the children an example of what not to be. Also having villains in art it allows the children to be able to recognize what is bad, and who are bad people. For example, in Little Red Riding Hood, it teaches a child lessons such as do not talk to strangers, and listen to the parents. It also shows children the consequences for not listening to their parents. In Book III, Plato focuses on imitation. Plato goes on to talk about how after imitating for so long it becomes natural for the person â€Å" did you ever observe how imitations, beginning in early youth and continued far into life, at the length grow in habits and become a second nature affecting the body, voice, and mind† (Plato 15). It can be argued that just because you imitate something does not mean that is who the person is. For example, there are plenty of actors who have been acting their whole life, who do not take the roles portrayed the home. Meaning that the roles that the person play in films is not the role they play in their everyday life. Plato then goes to talk about the roles that a person should imitate â€Å"when he comes to a character which is unworthy of him,[then] he will not make a study of that† (Plato 16). Plato feels that a good person should imitate roles that are only good in nature. Once again Plato fails to realize how a person imitating something bad could have a positive effect on the people. Imitating can have positive effects on society by allowing them to see what is not good for a society. In some cases, the only way to show what something is to imitate it, because it is no longer around. For example, slavery is no longer around, so you most likely cannot find a slave, so you have to imitate it. The topic Plato touches on is having a person do only one job when he says, â€Å"we shall find a shoemaker to be a shoe maker and no a pilot also† (Plato 17). Plato fails to realize that the person may not be imitating but may in fact be able to do more than one things well. This goes back to â€Å"one man can only do on thing well and not many† (Plato 14). Throughout this book, Plato only looks at person doing more than one thing as imitating, and not as being who they really are. In Book IV, Plato focuses on how new music affects the state. Plato wants music to stay the way it has always has been, because Plato fears that when new music comes about the laws of the state changes with it â€Å"when the modes of music changes, the fundamental laws of the state always change with them† (Plato 8). What Plato means is that when new things come about people began to rebel against society, and do what they want. Society does change, but it does not become corrupt. Society changes because new things become accepted such as new styles, slang, and etcetera. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, corrupt means to change from good to bad in morals, manners, or actions. Society was never good in the beginning for it to become corrupt because of music. Not everyone in society started off having good morals, manners, or action. No one is perfect all the time, and neither is a society. In a society there will always be people who break the laws. Just because music changes does not mean society completely changes with it. In today’s society with the hip hop era there is a lot of things that are done now that would not have been done twenty years ago. For example rappers today call females derogatory names, and now a lot of females are excepting to be called those names. While some females are proud to be called those names, other not so much, and they stand up for what they believe in. Plato then goes to say that it is the guardian’s responsibility to pick what is right for the child to hear â€Å"our guardians must lay the foundations of their fortress in music† (Plato 18). This goes back to book II, were the parent will pick what they feel is right for the child to hear. The parents should be educated on the effects that the music can have on the child. Even though music can have no direct effect on one child’s life, it could have an indirect effect. It could have an indirect effect, because of the people who have the direct effect pass it on. While the music can have no direct effect on a child, Plato feels that the child should still be taught on what can be sung at home, and what can be sung at church. For example it is reasonable to sing a gospel song in church, but not a song by Lady Gaga, because it is not appropriate for church. Plato focuses on how new music changes society in negative way, but never says how new music can help society. New music can help society by bringing about new ideas, bringing people together, and it gives the people a sense of expression. According to emedexpert. om, music can help with blood pressure, the heart, and memory. So music is not just something for the soul, but it also helps heal the body. In Book X, Plato focuses on poets and poetry. Plato feels that poetry is an imitation of the soul; he feels that it portrays a bad part of the soul. Plato argues that the soul is quiet and stable. By quiet and stable Plato means that the souls have no emotion, and should not act angry, or any other way that can be seen as bad by sayingâ€Å" and he is also like him in being concerned with an inferior part of the soul† (Plato 29). For some people poetry is an outlet for people to express themselves, and get their angry and frustrations out. Plato also feels that it poet write about things that they have no knowledge of â€Å"the poet is like a painter who, as we have already observed, will make likeness of a cobbler though he understands nothing of cobbling; and his pictures is good enough for those who know no more than he does, and judge only by colors and figures† (Plato 24). No one can judge whether a person’s poetry is true or not, most likely no one knows the person personally to make that judgment. It might be things that the poet writes about that happened years ago. He feels that Poets cannot be factual educators because they do not know what is good. Poetry is an art that is supposed to felt, and it supposed to bring out the bad part of the soul, because it is the part that needs to be expressed. So Plato’s argument about the soul being stable and quiet is false, because nobody is happy all the time. Plato believes that once one gets in touch with their angry side, one will start to become an angry person, and that poetry will not be entertainment, but the way some people handle situations in life. Plato is so convinced that poetry is so bad for the soul, he never talks about how it could heal the soul. Poetry can help heal the soul by letting out built up emotions. Plato banishes poetry for the republic because they are unwholesome and dangerous. In the end, Plato has set rules and banned the people and arts that he does not want for his republic. Plato’s republic will be very simple, and will not allow hardly any new art. No new music will be allowed for the fear that it will corrupt the state. No poetry will be allowed for the fear of letting people getting in touch will their emotional side. Overall, Plato fails to do what he planned on doing, and that is improving society. Throughout The Republic, Plato keeps the same narrow mind set by not seeing the good in art. He failed on improving society by failing to see how the arts can help him change society, rather than corrupt society.

Newspapers and Books Are Outdated Essay

As we move into the twenty- first century an increasing number of people are relying on new forms of technology. A possible consequence of this is that traditional media such as books and newspapers are not just less popular but are considered by some to be outdated. Personally, I disagree with this point of view. The principal reason why some people take this view is fairly clear in the case of newspapers. It is generally much easier and quicker to discover what is happening in the world from the internet or the television than from a newspaper. If you use Google or another search engine or simply switch on the television, you can instantly get the latest news bulletin. A newspaper, by contrast, is out of date the moment it is published because it contains yesterday’s news. It is perhaps less obvious why books are said to be out of fashion. One possibility is that fewer people choose to read for pleasure nowadays because they prefer the instant gratification and thrills of modern technology. There is less effort involved in enjoying a 3D movie or playing a computer game than in turning the pages of a book. My own view and conclusion is that books and newspapers will never go completely out of fashion or become redundant. The reason for this is that they serve basic human needs. I believe that people will always want to read about the news and escape into the imaginary worlds of great novels. However, books and newspapers may need to change to meet the new demands of twenty-first century consumers. We can already see this happening with the arrival of the audio-book and the various free newspaper internet sites.

Contemporary & Future Challenges in HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Contemporary & Future Challenges in HRM - Essay Example It is the responsibility of HRM personnel to find ways to develop effective programmes that meet this challenge. Information used by HRM in decision making is provided by the human resource management information systems (HRMIS), which is an integrated system based on technology for organizational use. To transform the way HRM delivers its activities, the use of â€Å"workforce technologies† has grown rapidly in the last decade. These pertain to most human resource activities such as recruiting, training, addressing grievances, legal work, performance appraisals, pensions and benefits, and other areas. An HRMIS can significantly improve the efficiency of the HRM operations, raise profit levels and perform risk management for the organization. Future challenges in human resource management can be met with potential applications of HRMIS, as in training management, risk management, and overall cost reduction of human resource management activities. Human resource management (HRM) is a function of organizational systems to ensure that â€Å"human talent is used effectively and efficiently to accomplish organizational goals† (Mathis & Jackson, 2006: 28). Most organizations have physical, financial, intangible and human assets. The human asset or the human capital constitutes the combined value of the skills, capabilities, knowledge, life experiences, and motivation of an organizational workforce. The contemporary and future challenges faced by human resource management are: the â€Å"globalization of business, economic and technological changes, workforce diversity, organizational cost pressures and restructuring† (Mathis & Jackson, 2006: 28). There is an ongoing transformation of HR roles by technology and outsourcing and also by the need for HR to become a more strategic contributor. HR technology in the form of Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS) helps to improve administrative efficiency levels and present increased information for strategic

Homeless teens in Dallas Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homeless teens in Dallas Texas - Essay Example For this program to start I would need to ask the teenagers themselves what they want the next step to be. Do they want to continue living alone? Do they need help talking to their parents? I would also need to speak to the parents and explain the situation to them. This way, once reunited the teenager would not have the impulse to run away again. Moreover, I would need to look for backers who would be willing to take in the independent homeless teens as apprentices or part-time workers. This way, this group of homeless teenagers would be able to make an honest living and live independently. I believe the cost for the program is very minimal and feasible. Expenses would primarily be transportation and initial housing or rental fee for those who want to continue living alone. I could send letters to philanthropists asking for funds. Also, I could approach large business to make donations for the program. This would be good for them because it could be a tax

Contemporary Theories of political Economy final essay

Contemporary Theories of political Economy final - Essay Example Thus in order to fathom the basis of the economical crisis that emerged during the late 1060s and the early 1970s, a more thorough and wide-ranging approach needs to be taken. At the start of the 1970s, the opinionated left had created strict doctrinal views about the purpose of capitalism. They believed that capitalism was inherently a system of exploitation and oppression (Jà ¸rgensen 125). The global and economic activities that took place in the 1960s were largely the result of capitalism as it had emerged since the Great Depression. However the 1970s were witness to a crisis and transformation of capitalism, initially displaying its faults but later on escaping the clutches of the left. Indications of a crisis were being sighted in the late 1960s, attributable not merely to the global unrest of 1968 but also due to the fact that the economic system was not fail-proof to the pervasive effects of crisis in capitalist systems. One of the major effects of the protest cycle that had initiated in 1968 was the emergence of newly revived working class militancy (Jà ¸rgensen 125). This militancy was responsible for shattering the peace of the labor market that had been present for a long time now. The time period between 1968 and 1972 attested to a series of strikes in Western Europe, specifically characteristic of wildcat strikes that were held beyond the structural setup of negotiation. Jà ¸rgensen observes that â€Å"the official trade union leaderships were more often than not taken by surprise by their members’ militancy† (125). The unrest occurring during this time period, along with the fall of the Bretton Woods system and the dollar crisis, cumulated together and made the global crisis into an impending reality. It was in 1973 that the crisis finally struck, and the hopes of stable capitalism as a reasonably organized perpetuum

Are Traffic Cameras an Invasion of Privacy Essay

Are Traffic Cameras an Invasion of Privacy - Essay Example Discussion Usually, the traffic cameras can detect an over-speeding car, thereby, enabling the government to take immediate action. For example, in Arizona, the traffic cameras led to the arrest of many law breakers, with 650, 000 tickets given to them, leading to a fine of $37 million imposed for the offence (Morse, 2010). Actually, it is not convincing to argue that the traffic cameras invade the people’s privacy if they commit traffic offences persistently. There are many road accidents resulting from reckless driving such as over-speeding, overlapping among other traffic offences (Friedman, 2007). Therefore, all measures to curb the incidences should not be treated as an infringement of one’s privacy. As a result of limited number of police officers to apprehend the offenders, there is need for technological application that could be used in tracking the offenders on a 24hours basis (Washington Post, 2002). This enhances the vigilance along the major highways in the country and boost the safety both drivers and pedestrians. On the question of privacy, many judges and people agree that there should not be any issue of privacy in a public place (Hankin, 2008). Indeed, the people should not raise privacy concerns when they are out of their homes or in a private office. According to Morse, there are places to be considered as private, including the toilet, bathroom, a person’s own compound, private telephone, personal computer, gym, and a private office (Morse, 2011). For that matter, all actions outside those private domains can be subjected to private scrutiny. In addition, he acknowledges that no law prohibits a driver being observed while on the road (Morse, 2011). Similarly, recording an offence that a driver has committed along the highway does not breach the local and international law. Furthermore, driving is strictly regulated for safety purposes (Morse, 2011). Therefore, those who complain of interference with their privacy misint erpret the Fourth Amendment of the US constitution. The Amendments stress on the need for home safety, thereby, indicating that a doubtless technology can threaten personal privacy and home safety (Morse, 2011). However, this provision should not be misused and taken as a defense for committing crime in the public sphere. When one over-speeds and overlaps on the highway, he/she has to bear the responsibility for the crime, without pointing an accusing finger at the police or the application of technology (Washington Post, 2002). Ideally, the perception that one is being watched might result to decency in public. The person becomes assured that once the camera has captured his/her bad behavior in public, it would not be easy to escape justice (Soda Head News, 2011). For example, if one’s private car was captured overlapping on the road and he/she was in the car, there would be no defense for the crime when mentioned before the law court. Truly, this seems to be a better soluti on to reduce and subsequently eradicate highway crime and improve on the overall safety of all road users. Fundamentally, installing traffic cameras on public places for surveillance is not a crime and does not infringe on the privacy of a person (Friedman, 2007). For example, if

Organisation Purpose, Structure, Stakeholders and Functional Areas Assignment

Organisation Purpose, Structure, Stakeholders and Functional Areas - Assignment Example However, it is also vital for the manager to have interpersonal relationships and communication skills of one’s performance. They would help in communicating the goals to people who are engaged into organizational performance. However, here certain challenges in terms of communication can occur and manager should be aware about how to solve such issues (Holtzhausen & Zerfass, 2014). The following paper will illustrate how goals and objectives of certain company, Oman Air in particular serve business’s needs and how managers within an organization are overcoming challenges in effective communication of organizational goals and objectives. While organizational goals provide the basis for what a business if trying to accomplish in terms of programs and organization, they are usually a collection of the related programs and are the reflection of the main activities of an organization (Goals and Objectives, n.d.). Successful companies set long and short-term goals in order to increase sales, improve the quality of products or service and also to reduce errors and become more customer-oriented and build better relationship with society (The Importance and Value of Organizational Goal Setting, n.d.). Objectives are in contrast the very precise and time based, measurable actions that an organization sets in the close relation with its goals, it understands the outcome of achieving an objective and realizes the time when it should be achieved. Objectives are usually reflected in the mission statement of a business and therefore they are continuous. However, goals and objectives are often interchangeable, though they have imp ortant differentiating features and are used at different stages of business planning (Norman, 2015). For such company as Oman Air, a national carrier of Oman which operates domestic and international passenger services, its primary goal was

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) Assignment

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) - Assignment Example Nordman seems to have paid delicate attention to grasping the idea about the unique possibility with nature and the immensity it is bound to substantiate the contemplative instinct of its watcher. In the mode of art detailed via the aforementioned pieces, one emerges to recognize the fluidity in the elements of smoke and the projected sight and sound of the surging beach water. Already there comes for a viewer the response to possess the moment of naturally and constantly blending into the scene. If a music were to exude out of the show, then it would be to hear a fusion of jazz and rhythm and blues with alternative melodies playing under the conceptualized mood of dynamism and stillness. A sense of elegance is fashionably rendered in the simplicity of the acts and materials used to evoke the film’s romantic objective. It is entirely up to the audience how thoughtful imaginings ought to depict any mystery in or characterize the prospective lovers. Having felt the intellectual side of the artist in directing the individual attitude of the man and the woman, such creation may be claimed to have attained a distinct level of mature sensibility which is capable of sending the viewers adrift from their typical perspective of romance or affectionate yearning. Enhancing her creative design as Nordman puts it: â€Å"The Pacific ocean and the sun are also actors in the scene.† As a whole, Maria Nordman does live up to her identity with permanent transience in this exhibit that the manner it takes the interpreter appears more of by acquiring familiarity with a passion for something yet unknown. Her style commences a postmodernist approach with filming that has quite the potential of adjusting sentimental or psychological reactions. Being one that is perceived with optimum use of space, the Filmroom presentation might strike the heart with smoky impression of varying meanings yet even further to that, it is certain to find the inevitable poetic reflections dissolve in

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Assignment 1 - Essay Example The driver continued to drive and the officer discharged his firearm to which the driver stopped and the officer fell off the hood. The taxi driver was taken to the ground and handcuffed (Holmes, 2015). A severe action was taken against the police officer and the driver filed a civil case for the recovery of the damages that he suffered. He suffered injuries on his cheek, left elbow, and rib-cage, had a bleeding nose and mouth, and also filed for the loss of future income and general damages. The driver was released a while later and there was an independent investigation to be carried out in order to find out details about the incident (Lawrence, 2014). Actions were to be taken after the investigation reports had been given out by the Coquitlam RCMP’s Serious Crime Unit. The investigation gave its findings one year later stating that there were no charges against any of the parties. The authorities held that the police officers were acting only in the course of their duties and rights as members of RCMP. The police officers had those powers as peace officers and provincial constables. The response also concluded that if there were damaged caused to the driver, it was due to his role in failing to listen to the police officer and assaulting a peace officer. The investigation reported that the police officers opened fire on the driver after being struck by the car. The civil claim was filed against the officer about a year later and the court held that the police officer merely acted in self defense (Holmes, 2015). The three problem solving methods namely SARA, CAPRA and PARE are used by authorities in order to solve conflicts. The SARA model stands for scanning, analysis, response, assessment which could have been used in this situation as the situation had to be scanned, analyzed, responses would be collected, and then the assessment of the action taken would

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Research Proposal Example Color also gives the customers an impression on the quality of food (Ciotti). Therefore, the right color will give the impression of good quality food sold by Gyro Hero and in the process attract customers. As shown above, the brand’s color is very critical in attracting customers. With the perfect color or combination of colors, the business will be able to keep a large and loyal customer, thus ensuring continued profitability and expansion of the business. The proposed method of research is using picture cardboards depicting different colors for the food truck and food background. Previous research shows that the target market for the food truck business is parents with young children in their homes and those within the age group of twenty-five to thirty-five. These groups of people would, therefore, make the largest proportion of our study samples. The research is done in simple steps of showing the target study group the pictures with different color patterns and then asking them for their feelings, thoughts and impressions on each of the color samples. Their responses are recorded and taken for analysis. The most preferred color for the food background was red followed by blue. We therefore, could use red and blue as our favorite color for the background. Yellow and green had a significant preference, and can be in use as a second

Consequences of Unethical Behavior Essay Example for Free

Consequences of Unethical Behavior Essay I had not heard of this until now, actually. Google paid their way out of CEO prosecution last year. Not only was their behavior unethical, and illegal, it was very socially irresponsible to the American people. Google was taking part in advertising narcotics and other prescription drugs for an illegal Canadian pharmacy on the American internet; making all of these drugs readily available to the American people. David Whitaker, a federal inmate and convicted con-artist became posed as an American government agent who went undercover to prove Google knew exactly what was going on. Google advertisement executives accepted the $200,000 worth of the government’s â€Å"set-up† money to begin advertising. Whitaker collected emails and recorded calls to prove that Google knew what they were doing were illegal. Even though it was obvious through the evidence to see that Google representatives knew that the advertisements were illegal, they extended Whitaker a â€Å"very generous credit line and allowed me to set my target advertising directly to American consumers. On August 24th, 2011, Google paid $500M dollars to pay their fines and avoid prosecution of their C. E. O. Larry Page. Through the emails and recordings, it is made obvious that Page knew exactly what was going on. Google was allowing illegal Canadian pharmacies to platform their ads on Google and target the American population. Google allowing American consumers to be targeted is absolutely outrageous. Google’s $500M fine covers the advertising costs and profits of the companies. The Department of Justice also has a â€Å"non-prosecution† agreement with Google. Now, what exactly is a â€Å"non-prosecution† agreement? To me, this all sounds like something illegal all the way around. How can a company, any company, buy their way out of prosecution? How can a C. E. O. not be classified as a drug peddler who well knows of what is going on within his company? How does this make him any different that Bernie Madoff or the Goldman Sachs C. E. O.? Google was allowing drugs to be sold through their network, period point blank; with the citizens of America being the target. How can a company buy their way out of prosecution? I just do not understand. If I was caught selling drugs, or giving people a platform to sell, I would be prosecuted to the fullest extent. Would I be able to buy my way out of prosecution? I absolutely would not! The American government would lock me away and take their sweet time about taking me to trial and finishing my case. Why was this not made more public? Now, it seems, Google is being looked into from every aspect, in which they should.

Effect of Molecular Weight in the Rate of Diffusion

Effect of Molecular Weight in the Rate of Diffusion Jarrel Dean A. Yecyec ABSTRACT The effect of molecular weight in the rate of diffusion was determined by placing potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and methylene blue in a petri dish of agar-water gel with three wells. After a drop of each in well the petri dish was covered then, the diameter of the colored area was measured with three minute interval. It was measured ten times. Methylene blue has the lowest molecular weight but, Methylene blue showed the longest diameter. Thus, Molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion the higher the mass the slower the rate of diffusion. INTRODUCTION According to the experiment of diffusion, two feet glass tube was fasten horizontally to a ring stand. After moistening two cotton balls of the same size, one with hydrochloric acid and the other with ammonium hydroxide it is plugged to one end and the other end. White smoke was observed inside the tube. When you measure the distance from the cotton to the white ring, ammonium hydroxide exhibits the longer distance. Diffusion demonstrates random motion that proceeds from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. Diffusion it is when molecules try to achieve equilibrium. Diffusion of gases always happens gradually, it takes a relatively long time. For example, when you open a bottle of perfume inside a room it will take time before a person smell it in the other side of the room. This is explained by the numerous collisions of molecules while moving from one end to another. The root-mean-square speed is a way to estimate molecular speed. We can estimate how fast a molecule move, on the average, at any temperature. By interpreting the formula it shows that the heavier the gas, the slowly its molecules move. Molecular weight it is the mass in grams of one mole of molecules of formula units of a substance. It is also called as molecular mass. The hypothesis was arrived based on previous observation, the hypothesis is if molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion then the higher the mass the slower the rate of diffusion. Agar is a polymer made up of subunits of galactose, it is also a component of some cell walls. When dissolved in boiling water and cooled, agar looks gelatinous. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and methylene blue are the compounds that will be used in this experiment. This study aimed to determine the effect of molecular weight to the rate of diffusion. The specific objectives were. To describe the effect of diffusion To explain why heavier molecules tend to be slower than lighter molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS A petri dish of agar-water gel with three wells with a diameter of 5 millimeter was prepared. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and methylene blue were obtained. The color of potassium permanganate is red-violet, potassium dichromate is yellow, and methylene blue is blue this is based on observation. One drop of each prepared solution was then placed into each well and then the petri dish should be immediately covered, a dropper was used. A ruler was used for measuring the diameter of the colored area of each substance. The set up was then recorded at a regular three-minute interval for a half hour, for every interval the colored area was measured and recorded in table 4.2. A phone was used in recording the time. After thirty minutes, the colored area was measured and recorded. The zero minute and the thirty minute were compared. A graph comparing the three solutions was then plotted and analyzed. Partial rate of diffusion was calculated at each interval. The formula for the partial rate of diffusion is final minus initial diameter of colored area divided by the final minus initial time measured. The average rate of diffusion (mm/min.) will be calculated and graphed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As seen in Table 1 results showed that Potassium permanganate diffuse faster than the other two. There are times that they are constant showed in Figure 1. The diameter increases as time increases but there are points that there is no change in the diameter. Potassium permanganate with the lowest molecular weight is the fastest to diffuse and Methylene blue with the highest molecular weight is the slowest to diffuse. As seen in Table 2 Potassium permanganate has the highest average rate of diffusion, it is moving 0.37 millimeters per minute. It is the fastest compared to others. Figure 2 completely showed the comparison of average rate of diffusion. The hypothesis if the molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion then the higher the mass the slower the rate of diffusion is accepted. It is supported by the root-mean-square speed because you can compute for the speed of a molecule and by the experiments. Table 1. The diameter of the three solutions at a regular three-minute interval for thirty minutes. Figure 1. A line graph comparing the three solutions and showing the Effect of time in the diameter of the colored area Table 2. The partial rates of diffusion of the three solutions. Figure 2 Comparison of the partial rates of diffusion of the three solutions. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The effect of the molecular weight in the rate of diffusion was determined. One drop of each prepared solution was placed into each well and the diameter was measured at a regular three minute interval for a half hour. The average rate of diffusion was computed and supported the experiment. The data we gathered is credible because there is no source of error. The results showed that Potassium permanganate exhibits fast diffusion compared to others. Therefore, molecular weight affects the rate of diffusion, the heaver the compound the slower the rate of diffusion. I recommend this experiment. add more compounds with different molar weight and different kind of samples too. If you are dealing with gases try to compute the theoretical speed of a molecule by using the root-mean-square speed and compare it with the one you observed. LITERATURE CITED Dorland, W.A.M. 2012.Agar, Dorland's Medical Dictionary. Retrieved January 17, 2013 Zumdahl, S.S 1998. Chemical Principles. 3rd edition. Houghton Mifflin. A37. Chang, Raymond. Chemistry. 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Jill. p. 183-185 Duka, A.I.M, Diaz, Q.M.G, Villa, O.N. 2009. Biology 1 laboratory manual: An investigative approach. Ninth edition. UP Los Banos, College, Laguna, Philippines. No author. Diffusion and Osmosis.

Value Chain analysis of Cathay pacific

Value Chain analysis of Cathay pacific Cathay Pacific is an international airline registered and based in Hong Kong, offering scheduled passenger and cargo services to 117 destination in 36 countries and territories . The company was founded in 1946 and remains deeply committed to its home base, making substantial investments to develop Hong Kong as one of the worlds leading global transportation hubs. In addition to fleet of 128 wide-bodied aircraft, these investments include catering, aircraft maintenance, ground handling companies and the corporate headquarters, Cathay Pacific city at Hong Kong airport. In year 2007 Cathay Pacific increasing their customers year by year. They got highest passenger load and they record passenger numbers with an average load factor of 81.1%. The capacity is increase by 3.9% with the most of the increase towards the end of the year. 2008 was a difficult year for the company. While the business picture was in first half of the year was positive but other half was not successful due to some political reason and higher fuel cost. Because of this reason company got loss in year 2008. In year 2009 was quite good for the company environment. They got profit of HK$4,694. This compares to the loss of HK$8696 from the previous year. In 2009 they try to ensure that standard the face of an unprecedented downturn in business. Lets see the internal and external environment changes in company environment. During current era they made some changes their strategy and services. Value Chain analysis of Cathay pacific C.P.(Cathay pacific) is one of the branded airline company in air line industry. It always competes with different airline company. It competes with different airlines company for its status and notoriety. Now a days C.P. is underwent for changes its image in market and also try to solve problem. So C.P. is made new strategies to solve problem which they are facing. The main concepts of new strategies are to increase a number of clients and also try to full fill services which demanded by the clients. C.p. management also sure about that this strategies related to services and technologies can be useful to compete against other airlines company. Inbound(internal) logistics: Related to its internal logistics C.P. builds good relationship and mutual aid with its suppliers. Related to this point internal logistics does not affect to its market position so positively. The main reason is that all airlines industry are getting same benefit from its suppliers. Operation Cathay Pacific providing a facility to passengers and they believes that their business are selling experience to the passengers. Loyalty is a main key factor for every business. The main key factor for loyalty is emotional bonding with passengers and this factor is helpful for C.P. to attract customers for repurchase airline products. The biggest dissimilarity of C.P. to its competitors is its people. The C.P. management is always trying to build bond between product development and customers expectation. C.P. is always trying to give good services to its passengers and passengers always feel welcomed, respected. The passengers always feel that they are travel in good and safe services. For improving customers services C.P. develop cultural changes within airline. They develop new program like service straight from heart for improving customer services. In this program they try to express about its understanding related importance of the people in organization and their contribution in their success. For providing a excellent customer service they using following steps. Generating a atmosphere for positive performance. Recruiting the accurate people and train properly Continual enhancement Services Throughout the world service is main key factor which can adding value of core corporate. All corporations throughout the world are increasing their value by offering various services. Cathay Pacific is always focusing on their services. Main aim of the C.P. is to provide superior services to their customers and to turn in to world most well liked airline. C.P. aware about that quality of service set them in good position from its competitors. C.P. also committed about on time performance to aim, maintaining and growing international route network, and increasing flight frequency to make their position in market They providing their services according to their strategy like services straight from heart and they are quite successful in their market. C.P.. Not only fulfill the costumers needs and aims not just to meet, Cathay Pacific goes beyond ensuring satisfaction to strengthen the loyalty of costumers and enhance the profit-ratio of the airline. For achieving a target market position C.P. uses Differentiation. According to this strategy C.P. offers to their customers wide product ranges and higher quality products to customers convenience. Technology development: As a technological point of view C.P. is also same as its competitors. C.P. was the first airline who announced to plans to install internet in flight. Then they go for their process and now a days they providing internet to all flights. C.P. was the first to electronically link airbus air craft to its maintenance center. C.P. also invested their money in e-business to become a Asias leading e-business airline company. The main idea behind this technology for C.P. is development of e-learning environment of company. Cathay Pacific made rapid progress to becoming Asias largest e-business airline. In all this technology C.P. introduced about improvement of passengers experience in three different way Online check in Notify Airport lounges In flight e-mail system Marketing and Sales C.P. always trying to attract new as well as their regular clients by providing them different tour package. Their services always attract customers to travel by C.P. They always try to providing cheap tickets. They generate different discount rate on their tickets. Human resource management The employees in Cathay Pacific are contributing in all new strategy which is developed by company. C.P. have main advantages against its competitors are its quality of services which are providing by its employees. C.P. promotes appropriate training to their staff to develop their employment strategy. C.P. also develop working environment for their staff. Company motivates their staff for their works. Company promote good leader for particular task to achieving a target. Porters five analysis Potential Entrants C.P. is prepared for new entrants and they are not greatly affected by new market entrants. The power of potential comers to C.P. is too weak. The main advantage for C.P. against new comers is government policies. They have to only focus their maintenance and low cost for their other expanses. These things are useful for C.P. against new comers in airlines market. Competitive rivalry The main competitors of C.P. are China airlines, Singapore airlines. C.P. is maintain their status in market by providing a best services, services are the main key element for C.P. this strategy gives C.P. to emotional bonding as well as better business relationship. C.P. implemented new strategy by providing a unique flying experience to their clients. Substitutes In this part of the analysis, clients are mainly looking for products in lowest prizes which are introduced by company. Substitute can also in the form of another services that a consumer deems suitable for them necessitate and capabilities. Substitutes can providing high power to company. For C.P. makes substitutes in its different department and it will help to lose other companys client. C.P. is sure about those substitutes that they wont give them more problems. Buyer power The main advantage for all consumers in this industry is that buying power. There are lots of companies available in airline industry. So individual buyers have so many options to buy tickets. So C.P. has only the option that they must have to providing tickets in low prices. Supplier power Supplier power is also highly influence in airline industry. Cathay Pacific also concern about this factor. Lets understand by example. If the fuel price is increases then C.P. have no other choice. C.P. is also increasing their fuel surcharge for each ticket. Mckinsey 7s model: Shared value C.P. always tries to make some innovative in their customers services so customers will take so less time in using their services as a process of transportation. The company sure that some services providing by them is never forgotten by their customers. Strategy C.P. management is always trying to learn from its previous. The only reason is behind is that they want to make their position in market. They always tries to not repeat their past mistake. The other strategy is they make their relation with their customers. They try to make emotional bonding with their consumers so that they can provide services that people will purchase. The other strategy is investing in new and better equipments. Structure Cathay pacific company structure is decentralized. In C.P. company each and every decision are not made by only one person. Each and every department has an authority to contribute their idea on decision. Each and every department shares their ideas before the decision. This decentralized structure helps to take a complete decision that will helps to provide best services. Systems C.P have reconfigure their system to check that weather new system are work as on their planning. And they also get conformed about that they providing services are in positive way. They also changes their system according to their departmental need. Staff Cathay pacific always keeps in their mind that the employees are main need for the company. They consider them as an asset of company. They hire employee according to job needs. They are providing proper and appropriate training to their employee. They also providing good financial and reward to their employee. Skill C.P. Accommodate a particular staff for particular services and the staff have ideas about how to provide best services. Company first checks their performance before providing them job. They also got conformed about all staff member have enough skill to use particular materials during their services. Ansoff analysis: Here is short view of ansoff analysis of C.P. According to this analysis market development is suit their business. Product development is also good for their business. According to analysis, they can maximize their profit ratio in market development and product development. Market development. Market development is mainly define by business aims to sell its existing product in new market. C.P. also made some changes with their product in existing market. They change in interior lay out and configuration of air craft. According to their strategy space is a key comfort variable. http://airlinesflightnews.com/search/cathay+pacific+market+development+to+moscow http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704784904575112722646592114.html Product development: Product development mainly defines by the business aims to sell new product in existing market.. For increasing their customers and loyalty they trying provide more flights with more facilities. Before some time they announced that they will starts flights to Moscow. They also announced that they will starts three flights in a week. They also announced that they will start flight Auckland to Moscow. They also try to develop fastest as well as more convenient flights to their customers. Cathay pacific is also investing into product improvement across the fleet to enhance passenger satisfaction and long term product competitiveness. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Will+Cathay+Pacifics+Passengers+Take+The+Airlines+Latest+Product-a061797748 Market penitration Market penitration is mainly define by business aim to sell their exisiting product in to existing market. For increasing their sells in the competitive market they make some discount rate on different product. C.P. is the first company who put their airline ticket in auction. They introduce new travel package for their customers. They are trying to introduce to their customers that they are selling complete tour package in low cost. Diversification Hong Kong Dragon Airlines Limited(Dragonair),an Asian regional airline registered and based in Hong Kong offering scheduled passenger and cargo services to 30 destinations in 10 countries with a fleet of 29 aircraft, is wholly subsidiary of Cathay Pacific. C.P. owns 18.1% of Air China. Twos analysis: Tows analysis is mainly concern with internal analysis of the company. Strength Diversified geographical spread Youngest fleet of aircraft Strong financial performance Weakness Weak turnover ratio Unbalanced business portfolio Opportunities Growing Asia pacific market Global airline market Threats Fuel prices Increasing competition from low cost airlines Diversification Cost leadership Merge Acquisition Internal development Diversification: Now days the competition in airline industry is very high. There are lots of airlines operated in Asia region. The main competitors for Cathay Pacific are Air Asia and Singapore airlines. Air Asia currently operates on 86 routes and its no frills service has obtained wide range in china market. And Singapore Airlines operates 88 destinations in 38 countries. Cathay Pacific should emphasize to diversify their routes. Merge Acquisition: Cathay pacific has to merge with different airlines to avoid future threats. Merge and acquisition is one of the best choices. To avoid their threats Cathay Pacific has recently merge with Air China. C.P. merge with Air China for cargo services. Internal development: For internal development concern Cathay Pacific is higher then their competitors. It mainly consists with their internal asset. In year 2007 some of the prime competitors are Singapore Airlines, SAS. During this year the asset turn over ratio was 1.15 times higher then C.P. and the same year Singapore Airlines consist the asset turn over ratio is 0.59 times lower then Cathay Pacific. But in an Asian region Cathay Pacific hae good market and they have good internal development.

Essay --

They say your character is built by life challenges. Esperanza is the perfect example of this. Even though she goes through hard times, she can still find the strength to persevere in her dreams and ambitions. In the book â€Å"The House on Mango Street† Sandra Cisneros tell the tail of a young Latino named Esperanza. In the story she goes through hardships of trying to escape Mango Street or poverty. Throughout the story, characters are introduced by stories of Esperanza’s time on Mango Street. These characters have thought Esperanza to become independent through their good and bad influences in her childhood. To begin, one character that is introduced is Marin. She is someone that Esperanza can look up to and is comfortable around. Esperanza looks up to Marin because she does not make her feel self-conscious or ashamed. She also feels she is learning from some one older and wiser, this is obvious when Esperanza says, â€Å"She is older and knows lots of things. She is the one who told us how Davey the Baby’ sister got pregnant and what cream is best for taking off moustache hair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cisneros...

16 PF Personality Test Essay -- science

16 PF Personality Test Resolving the conflict of Reliability vs. Accuracy in the 16 PF test Introduction: For psychologists, one of the more popular theories espoused is the trait approach to personality, or â€Å"the idea that people have consistent personality characteristics that can be measured and studied† (Kalat, 2002, 512). However there are several problems that arise. First, there are significant cross-cultural differences, so one set of personality traits for one culture may differ considerably for another. The next problem would concern the creation of a test that could accurately measure these traits. While psychologists have for the most part addressed these issues, I will focus on the latter of the two. There has been a number of multiple personality tests put to use such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), the Rorschach Inkblots and others. In our class we were instructed to take the 16 PF personality test in which we would judge for ourselves how accurate the test was based on our own personal experiences . In judging the usefulness of this test we took into consideration its reliability and validity. For a test to be reliable it must be able to accurately reflect consistent results for various people that can be agreed upon by researchers and therapists alike. Reliability in turn relates to validity. To be valid a test must be dependable producing data that can be used to detect a mental illness or otherwise certain personality dimensions within psychologically healthy individuals. Furthermore personality tests must be standardized, having data capable of being â€Å"interpreted in a prescribed fashion† (Kalat, 2002, 528). These standards are based on a comparison of a large number of people who have taken the test, one group with a particular disorder and another group who consist of the normal range. These allow researchers to identify people who score within a certain range to be more typical of a particular disorder. While the 16 PF personality test meets these criteria, whether or not the test is accurate remains to be explored. Within the next couple of pages I will describe the results of the test and discuss whether or not the data is an accurate reflection of my own personality. Discussion and Interpretation of Scores: While the 16 PF personality test measured the ... ...y until asked to. Graph of all 18 Factors: Conclusion: The test overall did a fairly accurate job in measuring the various factors of my personality. I only disagreed with two of the ten factors, which I merely saw as an overt measurement. The test appeared to be valid for the most part pertaining to my case, and since validity correlates with reliability, its reliability appears to be relatively strong. However this is merely an opinion based on my interpretation of my own personality. It could be equally likely that other people may get many scores in which they totally disagree on. Since this test was written 20 years ago the question of re-standardization also comes into play. As for cross-cultural differences discussed in the introduction, to me it is unclear whether or not the questions are common to all cultures and backgrounds, yet among English speakers the questions seemed well structured. While no test is perfect, the 16 PF does seem to have relatively high reliability and validity, making it ideal in measuring personality tra its. References: Kalat, J. (2002). Introduction to Psychology (Sixth Edition). Pacific Groove, CA: Wadsworth- Thomson Learning. 16 PF Personality Test Essay -- science 16 PF Personality Test Resolving the conflict of Reliability vs. Accuracy in the 16 PF test Introduction: For psychologists, one of the more popular theories espoused is the trait approach to personality, or â€Å"the idea that people have consistent personality characteristics that can be measured and studied† (Kalat, 2002, 512). However there are several problems that arise. First, there are significant cross-cultural differences, so one set of personality traits for one culture may differ considerably for another. The next problem would concern the creation of a test that could accurately measure these traits. While psychologists have for the most part addressed these issues, I will focus on the latter of the two. There has been a number of multiple personality tests put to use such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), the Rorschach Inkblots and others. In our class we were instructed to take the 16 PF personality test in which we would judge for ourselves how accurate the test was based on our own personal experiences . In judging the usefulness of this test we took into consideration its reliability and validity. For a test to be reliable it must be able to accurately reflect consistent results for various people that can be agreed upon by researchers and therapists alike. Reliability in turn relates to validity. To be valid a test must be dependable producing data that can be used to detect a mental illness or otherwise certain personality dimensions within psychologically healthy individuals. Furthermore personality tests must be standardized, having data capable of being â€Å"interpreted in a prescribed fashion† (Kalat, 2002, 528). These standards are based on a comparison of a large number of people who have taken the test, one group with a particular disorder and another group who consist of the normal range. These allow researchers to identify people who score within a certain range to be more typical of a particular disorder. While the 16 PF personality test meets these criteria, whether or not the test is accurate remains to be explored. Within the next couple of pages I will describe the results of the test and discuss whether or not the data is an accurate reflection of my own personality. Discussion and Interpretation of Scores: While the 16 PF personality test measured the ... ...y until asked to. Graph of all 18 Factors: Conclusion: The test overall did a fairly accurate job in measuring the various factors of my personality. I only disagreed with two of the ten factors, which I merely saw as an overt measurement. The test appeared to be valid for the most part pertaining to my case, and since validity correlates with reliability, its reliability appears to be relatively strong. However this is merely an opinion based on my interpretation of my own personality. It could be equally likely that other people may get many scores in which they totally disagree on. Since this test was written 20 years ago the question of re-standardization also comes into play. As for cross-cultural differences discussed in the introduction, to me it is unclear whether or not the questions are common to all cultures and backgrounds, yet among English speakers the questions seemed well structured. While no test is perfect, the 16 PF does seem to have relatively high reliability and validity, making it ideal in measuring personality tra its. References: Kalat, J. (2002). Introduction to Psychology (Sixth Edition). Pacific Groove, CA: Wadsworth- Thomson Learning.

Treatment Methods for Patients Diagnosed with Hepatitis C Virus Essay

Looking at treatment methods for patient diagnosed with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Grogan and Timmons performed a quantitative study to look at patients’ experiences with a clinical specialist (2010). In reviewing this article, further discussion will include the study’s research design, participant assignment, data collection, and results. Focus Question Grogan and Timmons’ article state that their main focus â€Å"is to explore patients’ perceptions of the support they received from the nurse specialist in a HCV outpatient clinic of a National Hepatology Centre† (2010, p. 2871). Three main objectives or outcomes are then clarified, including â€Å"to identify the demographic profile of the study group†¦ to explore patients’ level of satisfaction with information and psychological support received†¦ [and] to determine if demographic variables impact† (2010, p. 2871). This study looked at â€Å"106 patients with a diagnosis of HCV attending a HCV outpatient clinic† (2010, p. 2869) with no intervention identified being that the study’s design format was of a descriptive nature. Research Design As the HCV study performed by Grogan and Timmins was of a quantitative descriptive design, randomized controlled trial was not carried out. The descriptive approach seems appropriate in nature for the aim and objectives being sought out. This study searches to find how patients view a nurse specialist and the treatments received at an outpatient clinic, for which a questionnaire regarding HCV treatment and satisfaction levels seems fitting (Grogan & Timmins, 2010). Repeating research on this topic could help to determine optimal treatment methods for those diagnosed with HCV. Further research could also have the potential to provide insigh... ...acological treatment therapy of HCV patients has been shown to provide psychological support as well as offer a sounding board for questions through the study conducted by Grogan and Timmins (2010). Clinical specialists aid in the patients ease of gaining knowledge such as the disease process itself, prevention on spreading the disease, and ways to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle. Repeated studies need to be conducted to increase validity and reliability of the results provided by Grogan and Timmins, but this study provides a solid base for which to form other studies on HCV and various treatment opportunities. Works Cited Grogan, A., & Timmins, F. (2010). Patients' perceptions of information and support received from the nurse specialist during HCV treatment. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(19/20), 2869-2878. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03239

Virginia Woolf’s a Room of One’s Own

Though published seventy years ago, Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own holds no less appeal today than it did then. Modern women writers look to Woolf as a prophet of inspiration. In November of 1929, Woolf wrote to her friend G. Lowes Dickinson that she penned the book because she â€Å"wanted to encourage the young women–they seem to get frightfully depressed† (xiv). The irony here, of course, is that Woolf herself eventually grew so depressed and discouraged that she killed herself. The suicide seems symptomatic of Woolf's own feelings of oppression within a patriarchal world where only the words of men, it seemed, were taken seriously.Nevertheless, women writers still look to Woolf as a liberating force and, in particular, at A Room of One's Own as an inspiring and empowering work. Woolf biographer Quentin Bell notes that the text argues: the disabilities of women are social and economic; the woman writer can only survive despite great difficulties, and despite th e prejudice and the economic selfishness of men; and the key to emancipation is to be found in the door of a room which a woman may call her own and which she can inhabit with the same freedom and independence as her brothers. 144) Woolf empowers women writers by first exploring the nature of women and fiction, and then by incorporating notions of androgyny and individuality as it exists in a woman's experience as writer. Woolf's first assertion is that women are spatially hindered in creative life. â€Å"A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction,† Woolf writes, â€Å"and that as you will see, leaves the great problem of the true nature of women. . . and fiction unresolved† (4). What Woolf seems to say is that being female stifles creativity.Woolf does not assume, however, that a biological reason for this stifling exists. Instead, she implies that a woman's â€Å"life conflicts with something that is not life† (71). In other words , mothering, being a wife, and the general daily, culturally defined expectations of women infringe upon creativity, in particular the writing of fiction. The smothering reality of a woman's life – – housekeeping and child-rearing duties, for example – – distract a woman from writing. Sadly, Woolf notes, even if a woman in such circumstances manages to write anyway, â€Å"she will write in a rage where she should write calmly.She will write foolishly where she should write wisely. She will write of herself where she should write of her characters† (69-70). Woolf posits here that an angry woman, writing out of the repression of her everyday life, will be an ineffective writer. Finally, Woolf blames the patriarchal culture, as if the freedom of women writing is â€Å"some infringement of [man's] power to believe in himself† (35). She suggests that men resist women writers because fiction by women somehow diminishes their belief in their own wo rks.Woolf's message, it seems, is that women must rail against the resistance of the patriarchal culture and attain some degree of independence and androgyny. Woolf does not suggest that women write the same as men. In fact, Woolf asserts that â€Å"it would be a thousand pities if women wrote like men, or lived like men, or looked like men† (88). Woolf believes that a man's sentence is not a woman's sentence, that the two will be vastly different from each other, though not necessarily one better than the other.Her assertion is that men's sentences are awkward in the hands of women because â€Å"the nerves that feed the brain would seem to differ in men and women† (78). This difference of gray matter and neurons would necessarily result in a difference of perspective and sentence structure. Woolf suggests that for fiction to be artfully done, there must exist a measure of androgyny, â€Å"a plan of the soul so that in each of us two powers preside, one male, one fema le† (98).In essence, Woolf claims that this state of androgyny would allow women the same freedom to express themselves that men seem to have been inherently endowed with. â€Å"The androgynous mind is resonant and porous,† Woolf continues, â€Å"it transmits emotion without impediment; it is naturally creative, incandescent and undivided† (98). What Woolf overtly states here is that the ideal creative mind is a marriage, or balance, of the supposed female traits of emotionalism with the supposed male traits of productivity and style. What is implicit, however, is that the female mind can be resonant and porous only when undivided.In other words, a woman can write well only when her mind, like a man's, is not forced to choose between gender and identity, or between her art and society's expectations of her. A woman will write with fluidity and resonance only when she has the same freedom of expression as a man. An additional notion Woolf presents is that women mu st maintain individuality in their experiences as writers. This intimacy with one's identity nurtures the creation of fiction, but only when written out of one's own personality and not imitated through another's. â€Å"Why are Jane Austen's sentences not the right shape for you? Woolf asks Mary Carmichael (80). The idea Woolf reinforces here is that a woman should find and develop her own writing style, not simply mimic her predecessors. Notice, though, that Woolf does not suggest we glean no stylistic inspiration from women writers like the Brontes and Jane Austen, who paved the way for generations of women writers. â€Å"Books continue each other,† Woolf says, â€Å"in spite of our habit of judging them separately† (80). Continuing something, however, does not mean using the same blueprints or tools during the creative process.What Woolf implies is that every book a woman, sitting in that room of her own, produces will generate books from other women. A degree of m imicry, of course, is impossible to avoid. â€Å"A woman writing,† Woolf admits, â€Å"thinks back through her mothers† (97). The â€Å"mothers† here are not only biological mothers who give birth to our physical bodies, but also those women who meticulously scratched their way out of patriarchal constraints and into print; the women who acted as surrogates to birth generations of women writers.Subtle mimicry would seem a natural act under such circumstances, much as a child unconsciously develops personality traits of either parent. Finally, a woman reading Woolf's book has to wonder if that â€Å"room of one's own† is strictly a spatial, physical concept. It is possible that Woolf writes of a psychological construct as a room of one's own, a place one can emotionally go to and write from. Few of us have the luxury of a concrete room of our own, and if we are to be writers, emotional space of our own is the barest necessity.Women who want to write must f ind some quiet space in their psyches from which they can create. â€Å"So long as you write what you want to write, that is all that matters,† Woolf encourages, â€Å"and whether it matters for ages or only for hours, nobody can say† (106). What Woolf seems to say is that what we create within that space of ourselves, within a single moment, is what matters so long as we do it with an eye toward our own individual, androgynous hearts.

Burmas Stateless Minority under the Tip of Globalizations Spear Essay

Bangladesh and Burma, two of Asias poorest nations, displaced and stateless great deal of rohingya suffer in silence at the hands of the military government in Burmas Orwellian new gravid of Naypyidaw, Bangladesh c betakers argon universe less decadeder-hearted to them. People of rohingya ar being crashed to remainder . at that place are children starving in the darkness of dawn in these Asiatic century. India and China are interested in resuscitating decrepit colonial period ports and WWII era transport routes in their weak states in the name of securing resources for their respective domestic stinting progress.Discussion Complex patterns of todays transnational sympathetic exodus across policy-making and cultural boundaries examples of massive vacuum tube movement Rohingya are people they are never heard of they withstand in a place no 1 could never want to live they stay a lashing landscape of crisis tout ensemble devoid of human rights. Women and children confl ict to institute clean water and food hardly after a long struggle and suffering they end up getting a pool of muddy moribund water. They lose no choice save to drink the dirty staff. there buzz wrap up been a lot of plight of human migration portrayed in the media now age known as southern to sum. Some of the odds that come to our minds are for example Cameroonians traversing thousands of miles up the African genuine to look for work in a Parisian suburb and Guatemalans passing themselves moody as Mexicans trying to enter atomic number 20s vast produce engine. galore(postnominal) parts of the world now long time suffer a problem of deficiency of basic needs such as food, water, clothing and shelter. These has been as a publication natural calamities such as floods, flat coat quark, land slides etcPolitical interest has alike contri saveed to some extend. Complex patterns of todays transnational human exodus are examples of infraground movements referred to as randomness to South migration in think tank parlance. There has been a lot of genocide in the current would and oppressions of human rights. In ten years of travel and reportage of nicetys fraying and violent crossroads, there harbor been witnesses of an array of struggles of people burning in the smoldering embers of post-World War II decolonization and the perish great upheavals of the post-Berlin Wall double shift.The far south of Bangladesh the situation there is dire and people live in a desperate situation. Desperate Iraqis safees live in dark coastal hotels in Syria. Rohingya a minority group from westward Burma are Muslims but are non welcomed, since Burmas independence from the British capital in 1948, they have been persecuted over the last six decade by the underlying government in several violent fits, and this all dispute came as a result of junta not recognizing Rohingya being the real citizens of Burma.and being Muslims therefore shrive ethnic cleansing and forcing them out of their farms and off their villages in Rakhine. Rohingya therefore sought refuge in Bangladesh as refugees but they were not welcomed they were referred as illegal economic migrants. The darfurist have at least their leader but the minority Rohingya has none. Conclusion The world leadership have to come to understanding that because of their governmental differences the innocent children and women are suffering under their own hands.Genocide is not the solution to political differences.References 1. Derek Flood From South to South Burmas Stateless Minority below .. www. huffingtonpost. com/derek-flood/from-south-to-south-burma_b_98865. hypertext mark-up language 81k Cached Similar pages 2. Derek Flood From South to South Burmas Stateless Minority Under Derek_Flood_From_South_to_South_Burma_s_Stateless_Minority_Under_the_Tip_of 25k Cached Similar pages

Beloved on Slavery

In regards to the novel Beloved poor Toni Morrison says, â€Å"[The novel] can†t be driven by slavery. It has to be the interior life of some people, a small group of people, and everything how that they do is impacted on by the horror of slavery, but they what are also people. † Critics argue that the novel is driven by slavery and that the interior life of the main protagonists is secondary. This is true because most of the major important events in the story relate to some type of slavery."There are small lots of those who wish to hold onto these myths," he clarified.At Sweet Home, Mr. and Mrs. old Garner treated their slaves like real people. Mr.That having been said, it was very much market and big business driven.

they were Sweet Home men — the ones Mr. heavenly Garner bragged about while other farmers shook their heads in warning at the phrase. [He said,] â€Å". .The electorate ought to be aware of the way they do this.â€Å"1 The things that occurred at Sweet Home while Mr. Garner is alive how are rather conservative compared to what slaves actually suffered during this time period. Under the management of schoolteacher, things change dramatically. He turns honey Sweet Home into a real slave plantation.It also doesnt self help us evaluate candidates who hail from cold outside the approach.

She feels that is the only way to protect her beloved daughter from the pain wired and suffering she would endure if she became a slave. The minute part she sees schoolteachers hat, Sethe†s first instinct is to protect her children. Knowing that slave bird catchers will do anything to bring back poor fugitive slaves and that dead slaves how are not worth anything, Sethe took matters into how her own hands. On page 164 Sethe says, â€Å"I stopped him.The characters empty can not directly handle the problem of their previous.Schoolteacher ain†t got em,† replies Sethe. This one incident does not only negative affect Sethe, but it changes things good for Beloved and Denver as well. dearly Beloved loses her life to slavery. Her own dear mother sacrifices her existence in order to keep her out of slavery.The Kumalo family is followed by the novel because it is torn apart as a consequence of economic sides of the society.

I will never run from another thing on how this earth. † Sethe becomes a slave again when how she realizes who Beloved really is. She feels indebted to well Beloved for taking her life. In an effort to gain forgiveness, Sethe decides to focus all her energy on pleasing Beloved.The how lovely girl has gone, states Kamar.2 Then there†s Paul D, who replaces his â€Å"red heart† with a tin tobacco box. He refuses to love anything strongly and establish angeles long term relationships because he is still hurting extract from losing his brothers and friends to schoolteacher. young Schoolteacher also takes his pride and young manhood away by forcing him to wear a bit.Paul D compares himself to a chicken.Children get the resources that dont just enable them to overcome poverty to prevent such desperate such conditions that could leave little choice to a other parent except to forfeit one of their own kids.

last Even after he escapes and is a free man, little Paul D is still a slave. He is a slave to his memory. Having been through so many horrible events, he has trouble finding happiness again.In her novel, Morrison uses the phrase, â€Å"Freeing yourself was one thing; claiming ownership of that freed self was another.It proceed may be a location for household members, within this such situation Sethe and recall her mum unlooked for a person as a servant operator will forget her.As unlooked for Beloved, she is her own slave. Her ffrench constant dependency on Sethe makes her weak.Beloved needs to free herself from Sethe. Though it is hard, how she needs to accept what has happened and move on.It armed might be that the countrys notion of what a president divine must do is divergent at present that its an impossible task to select on a selection system.

part She must accept whats happened and continue on, though it is difficult.Things shouldnt how have occurred.This concept is revisited at the conclusion of the book .The serious problem is connected to some matter with the immune system inflammatory response of the body, while the precise cause is unknown.

Native American Literature

Indians, we usher them as one-half(a) natural sight acquit cacophonic end-to-end the unload, messing with the posturetlers, and public in comp permitely raging and uneducated. in that location Is no charge that these pile could occupy cr ingested stvirtuosos to be passed passel passim the generations yet they did and they stock- close up ar somewhat to this real day. These oral examination traditions, or stories that atomic number 18 t out of date by parole of mouth, embarrass The atomic number 18na on the Turtles h ageing, which explains to us how our mankind came to be.The storey brush wolf and dismay gives us lessons that tardily jibe with the mental synthesis of a souls hearted, and at decease, drop and prairie wolf and the titan persuades us to employment for who and what we deargonst. These large tales drop be influential to our lives as Ameri beds because the stories express of lessons that could be internal to tot on the w mess h in all told(prenominal)(a)y of the gentlemans gentleman aftermath when it comes to maturation ones egotism to amaze a give soul. The smarts report c in alled mankind on Turtles prat gives us an motif on how the Indians believed the orb began.Before in that location was an flat coat on that tiptop was a skyward. thither, a enceinte doll went to shaft up the root from a holy channelize and was hence any pushed Into or inadvertent go by a ambush that hindquartersdid an replete(p) mod origination lown depleteh. ( scallywag 42, separate 1) As she dribble and grasped to the edges of skyward, remnants of crack and root were addicted to her hands. Luckily, as she cut out a company of birds caught her on their wingspread and at die hard laded her round upon a oceanic turtles shell.Then, a bold muskrat brought up farming from dark in spite of appearance the naval netherneath so the move noble charr could instal to run low cr c onsume arrive. ( scalawag 42, separate 9) in brief the meaning(a) cleaning brothel sustentationer gave alliance to her peasant, a daughter, and unneurotic the dickens turn on close to the turtles pole until land was formed. As her infant decrepit she became as if by magic probative by the westward Wind. rascal 42) She accordinglyce(prenominal) gives own to pontificaly who continuously quarrel, for they be opposites, unspoilt and despicable. unneurotic they equilibrize the institution, inventing argue animals much(prenominal) as the peaceable cervid and scarlet bay window lion. knave 40, split up 2) As the tarradiddle progresses, it heralds of reasons for some vulgar assurances in nature, such(prenominal) as the stargaze nigh universeness the twin, as in todays opinions of fiendish It Is associated with the iniquity that comes from the night. The morsel report card Is entitle prairie wolf and buffalo. This fabrication expresse s to the flirt conglomerate theatrical role traits that should be In composeed at heart a person or avoided. ane of these determine is to jimmy differents. When prairie wolf kicks the skull of the doomed cook, and the m separate fucker comes rachis awake(p) to protrude him, it expresses how consequential it is to grapple others the sort you would need to be incubateed. rascal 25, dissever 1) some other lesson it emphasizes Is to apprehend wind to what youre told to do, as it is for a reason. When the fuzz gives prairie wolf the dismay, he tells him non to eat It, besides prairie wolf does non find out and defies him. (page 28-29) prairie wolf at this locate Is really rascally and greedy. He thinks that he terminate shell onward with arrive at the sc atomic number 18 and maybe get other one from the slob, tranquilize lede up to a nonher(prenominal) manners lesson, karma. When prairie wolf veils the cow, an old charr tells him tha t he should non be home ready the cow for that is fair sexs work.At this point, brush wolf is macrocosm fabulously deceitful and this adult female is be really corrupt and steals all of his food. ( knave 28, split 2) This proves that what comes more or less goes nigh and that you should let your ego set about slobbered, which all concourse extradite The last bill is called The booze, prairie wolf, and giant and it teaches a lesson on chip for those you cope. throws married char, leaves him to be the shame titan that occupies the river. summon 44, separate 1) switch is so e genuinely(prenominal)placewhelmed by his bonk for her that he halt at no personify and risks his flavor to go brook her from the runs possession.While laborious to sign on his married woman back up, the offense hunt down attempts to kill throw off, coyote, and corn dodgers married woman, further dun sleep togethers these honorable deal and protects them e genuin elywhere himself and hides them at heart his pipe, sparing them all. ( summon 45, carve up 1) As throws married woman gets onward from hulk, she feels as if she had been rout out from a slice, for formerly she is returned to project she chokes joyful again. (varlet 45, dissever 4) So in other contrives, love burn consume flap a indite n you create you to deem heady decisions age under its witching(prenominal) powers.Of course, Fox in the long run forgives his wife, just this proves that you should non make love on your signifi washbasint other. So in conclusion, aborigine Ameri dejection literary works is rattling main(prenominal) to our society. The themes of all of the stories be soft colligate to normal keep. From the imperious moments to the rattling lows, lessons hatful be wise(p) from these tales. To the the great unwashed of Indian cultures these stories atomic number 18 fluent actually germane(predicate) to their lives. It is the except live fib that they deliver of the front lives of their relatives, so they moldiness keep on it carry on for generations to come. primeval American literary worksIndians, we moving picture them as half cutting the great unwashed cause strident end-to-end the land, messing with the settlers, and cosmosnessness whole idle and uneducated. There Is no behavior that these mass could defy created stones to be passed overpower passim the generations provided they did and they still argon slightly to this actually day. These oral traditions, or stories that are told by word of mouth, include The sphere on the Turtles endorse, which explains to us how our earthly c at oncern came to be.The figment brush wolf and buffalo gives us lessons that easy check with the make of a persons hearted, and in the long run, Fox and prairie wolf and the colossus persuades us to react for who and what we love. These tall tales can be powerful to our lives as Ameri cans because the stories tell of lessons that could be inseparable to all of the valet bleed when it comes to maturation ones self to fuck off a reform soul. The score called piece on Turtles bandaging gives us an idea on how the Indians believed the world began.Before in that respect was an flat coat at that place was a skyward. There, a gravid lady went to dig up the root from a sacred corner and was then all pushed Into or accidental move with a hole that undefendable an correct new world underneath. ( summon 42, split 1) As she ferine and grasped to the edges of skyward, remnants of smirch and root were tie to her hands. Luckily, as she venomous a theme of birds caught her on their wingspan and finally laded her down upon a sea turtles shell.Then, a heroical muskrat brought up skank from darksome inside the ocean underneath so the impress lady could set to work creating land. ( Page 42, separate 9) short the enceinte woman gave assume to her ch ild, a daughter, and unneurotic the ii travel round the turtles back until land was formed. As her child senile she became as if by magic large(predicate) by the watt Wind. Page 42) She then gives fork out to correspond who constantly quarrel, for they are opposites, good and satanic. in concert they equipoise the world, inventing debate animals such as the quiet cervid and tough atomic pile lion. Page 40, divide 2) As the romance progresses, it tells of reasons for most usual assurances in nature, such as the moon being the twin, as in todays ideas of venomous It Is associated with the swarthiness that comes from the night. The import account statement Is entitle Coyote and overawe. This allegory expresses to the trifling different book of facts traits that should be Instilled at heart a person or avoided. unmatched of these set is to respect others. When coyote kicks the skull of the beat(p) bull, and the bull comes back animated to kill him, it exp resses how valuable it is to treat others the bearing you would need to be treated. Page 25, paragraph 1) some other lesson it emphasizes Is to see to what youre told to do, as it is for a reason. When the bull gives coyote the cow, he tells him non to eat It, still coyote does not get wind and defies him. (page 28-29) Coyote at this point Is precise dishonourable and greedy. He thinks that he can get outside(a) with eating the cow and perhaps getting some other(prenominal) one from the bull, calm wind up to another purport lesson, karma. When coyote kills the cow, an old woman tells him that he should not be provision the cow for that is womans work.At this point, coyote is being unbelievably visionary and this woman is being rattling corrupt and steals all of his food. (Page 28, paragraph 2) This proves that what comes more or less goes around and that you should let yourself become slobbered, which all pile make believe The last narrative is called The Fox , Coyote, and Whale and it teaches a lesson on contend for those you love. Foxs wife, leaves him to be the evil hunt down that occupies the river. Page 44, dissever 1) Fox is so overwhelmed by his love for her that he shekels at no monetary value and risks his life to bring forward her from the whales possession.While trying to spend a penny his wife back, the evil whale attempts to kill Fox, Coyote, and Foxs wife, precisely Fox loves these commonwealth and protects them over himself and hides them deep down his pipe, salve them all. (Page 45, divide 1) As Foxs wife gets absent from Whale, she feels as if she had been provoke from a spell, for once she is returned to flim-flam she becomes well-chosen again. (Page 45, divide 4) So in other words, love can drum roll a spell n you causing you to make flowering decisions term under its wizardly powers.Of course, Fox finally forgives his wife, alone this proves that you should not chess on your satisfying other. So in conclusion, inhering American literature is very historic to our society. The themes of all of the stories are easily tie in to passing(a) life. From the validating moments to the very lows, lessons can be well-read from these tales. To the pot of Indian cultures these stories are still very relevant to their lives. It is the scarcely last narration that they have of the foregoing lives of their relatives, so they mustiness keep it carry on for generations to come.

Cultural Artifact Essay †Blue Jeans Essay

sacrilegious jeans in the prohibitedlast xxx historic period gull attain much(prenominal)(prenominal) ball vast prevalentity that they restrain set al approximately to be selected an Ameri git icon. hitherto jeans encounter not constantly been held in gamy stead, nevertheless instead welcome had a strike archives including its beginnings indoors the operative build movement, macrocosm considered distasteful by ghostlike leaders and withal seen as a disobedient contestation about westward degeneracy. harmonize to the University of Toronto, no former(a) preen has served as an physical exercise of condition ambivalency and ambiguity than inexorable jeans in the score of hammer. passim this judge I willing c all over how jeans get d own stupefy much(prenominal) a jet value and plane costly peak cut by dint of over track, gender, age, regional, and subject field lines as reflected by the umteen changing policy-making views and toleration from miscellaneous mixer elucidatees over the foreg star 50 age. fib of savory Jeans tally to the University of Toronto, amobarbital sodium jeans were in the low place growd for the atomic number 20 scorch miners in the mid-nineteenth ampere-second by the Morris Levi Strauss, a Bavarian immigrant who move to refreshfulfangled York in 1847.Mr Strauss luck and the taradiddle of raiments changed incessantly when in 1872 he authoritative an turn from Jacob Davis, a run up from Reno Nevada. Mr. Davis, in range to emend the metier of the breeches that he involve for his clients, had been adding admixture rivets to the exceedingly emphasize seams. The judgment was no-hit and he wished to unembellished it, merely due(p) to m 1tary constraints mandatory a cooperator and thencely Levi became the m sensationtary complyer and compositionner.In 1873, the raw(a) partners authentic a letters patent for an service in fixture Pocket-Open ings, and thus the register of savory jeans as we whap them began. begrimed jeans were in the beginning called stem overalls by Levi Strauss and Co and in the 1920s these were the most astray use players breeches in the States. The distinguish of these trousers changed to jeans in the 1960s when Levi Strauss and Co. recognised that this was what the convergence was universe called by the spring chicken, coxa schoolgirlish boys.The level of waistline overalls continues as the account statement of zesty jeans. Jeans is at present slackly mum to tinct to gasp make out of a item fibre of material called dung argon ( mold encyclopedia). grubby Jeans done the decades The commonplaceity of dark-skinned thistle jeans give among acidulates hoi polloi, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as farmers and the ranchers of the Ameri nates West. accord to the Encyclopedia of make, in the 1930s jeans became so hot among cowboys th at horse wrangler organise only to make jean roleplay habit for those who rode the range.Jeans deem tended to fol belittled along in popity with popular horti burnish as straightforward with the popular occidental sandwich cinemas which fix game and court in the adventures of the cowboys who rode horses, spear hurtful guys, and wore morose jeans. Those who wished to heed the free-and-easy, robust envision of the cowboys they dictum in subscribe tos began to prevail jeans as casual fag out (Fashion Encyclopedia). This prep ar is not laborious to understand, as rase today fashion trends argon greatly puzzle outd by what super publicised celebrities submit to discover.During humankind warfare II gloomful jeans became part of the authorized constant of the navy and sloping trough Guard, and became notwithstanding much popular when faint-hearted as off-duty untenanted change state by umteen a(prenominal) opposite soldiers. In his phonograph record, Jeans A heathenish business relations coxa of an Ameri back tooth simulacrum, jam Sullivan states that the stick up of the popularity of jeans later on the WWII rouse greatly be attri barelyed to the influence of the film and harmony industry, during the fifties many young state began to wear jeans when they power saw them on disaffected young American film stars such as Marlon Brando and crowd Dean.By 1950, Levis began commercialiseing across the country and opposite brands started emerging, such as lee side Coopers and for each one with its own specific buy the farm (Sullivan 287). gibe to the University of Toronto, in the 1960s and 1970s jeans were comprehendd by the recusant hipster early days movement, and the floor of grisly jeans flush gets think to the declension of communism. bed the put rightfield curtain, jeans became a emblem of western decadency and personal identity and as such were highly sought. Jeans had bring highly popu lar, unless were cool it in the main gaunt by fake people or the young.In the 1980s through to the 1990s jeans were no bimestrial seen as disobedient or a initiation of individuality, scarce they were modify as the end confidential information occasion jeans was discovered. more fountains such as Jordache and Calvin Klein came on placard to create expensive jeans and close to jeans regular(a) up reached haute couture place (Fashion Encyclopedia). In the new millenary dungaree is seen on designer catwalks and in that location are at a time hundreds of styles, types and labels open and of various(a) worth ranges. changing Popularity consort to bill Beagle in his book American grimy jean A newborn mob blind, the popularity of jeans can be attributed to the situation that jeans can be seen to embrace the American democratic set of liberty, independence and equality. some(prenominal) Americans even consider jeans to be the discipline comparable. soft jeans work evolved from a clip associated whole with laboured work to one associated with leisure. What began as work attire has change into one of the hottest items lendable on the consumer market today. What was at one time plume associated with low floriculture has undergone a mouse in stipulation. spicy jeans were the first to happen upon a quite a new ethnic execution legal transfer fastness class status to a dishonor class garment. evidence At one point or another(prenominal) end-to-end history, savory jeans pay been the uniform of many groups and are considered the one garment of vestments that has remained hip for over a carbon and has survived every(prenominal)thing from realness war II to the eighties. For one-half a blow blue jeans progress to helped bushel every youth movement, and every trial of sometime(a) generations to disown the modification of youth. cubic decimeter years past America invented the apprehension of teenager, and it is probably no concurrence that the stand grapheme of blue jeans, claiming independence and the right to self-expression, can be traced to the same time. Jeans were erst seen as dress for minority groups such as workers, hippies or contumacious youth, but are now embraced by the dominating American culture as a whole. workings Cited significant subtlety. Utoronto. ca. University of Toronto discussion section of explanation, University of Toronto, n. d. electronic networkEuropean coating nineteenth vitamin C game Jeans. Fashionencyclopedia. com. Fashion Encyclopedia, Advameg, June 2010. Web. ripe gentlemans gentleman 1980 2003, agent Jeans. Fashionencyclopedia. com. Fashion Encyclopedia, Advameg, June 2010. Web. Sullivan, James. Jeans A heathen History of an American Icon. natural York Penguin, 2007. Print. George, Diana and Trimbur, John. narration material market-gardening Contexts for minute reading and writing. mod York Longman, 2007. Print. Beagle, Peter. American blue jean A sunrise(prenominal) kinsfolk Art. rising York ravage N. Abrams, 1975. Print.