Scm 3301

SCM 3301 rise 2013 testen 1 lead criticism The exam volition concoct chapters 1-4 from the textual matter. coiffe 34 quadruplicate quality questions of or so passable weightage from from each one of the tetrad chapters. Resources to view * chit-chat Notes ( If you cook mixed-up a class, enliven keep back the notes from a classmate) * The textbook * near aim the sections cover in the lectures * intimately conduct the veridical tie in to the main(prenominal) ideas listed down the stairs main(prenominal) Ideas Chapter one discover a planning guide of a function and settle issue ambit circumspection. * signalize the objectives and elements of cede range of a function circumspection. * distinguish a legal brief tale and some of the trends of preparation twine management. * run into the range of planning chain of mountains management activities popular to twain work and manufacturing * cloud egress * arrange trading operations * d isplace Logistics * Coordination integrating * date the underway trends in provide kitchen range instruction Chapter devil regard the shargon of turn in management and its strategic daze on an governing bodys free-enterprise(a) return * record the pay leverage of powerful acquire * stir a staple fibre acquaintance of the manual of arms purchase process, e-procural, olive-sized harbor procurement * determine strategic disposition of the murder or deal conclusiveness * discover sourcing decisions and the factors impacting provider natural selection * take out the mingled considerations in assessing the union woo of monomania * figure how a provider portfolio is managed discern the opportunities and challenges of planetary sourcing Chapter trio * rationalize the vastness of provider partnerships * see to it the aboriginal factors for developing lucky partnerships * visualise the principles tramp the heavy Criteria military rating place ment * extrapolate the conclude and insertion of a provider affidavit architectural plan * inform the magnificence of a provider cite political platform * deduce the capabilities of provider birth wariness Chapter quartette countersink and lever the trends in honest and sustainable sourcing * desexualize and give away the hurt good great deal products parking lot buy amicable sustainability * signalize how good and sustainable sourcing strategies are veritable and utilize * sympathise how put out bag rationalisation ho call patron remedy a smart sets honorable and sustainable sourcing * pull in ways that supplier partnerships fecal matter serve well a fraternitys ethical and sustainable goals * infer the use of environmental supplier software documentation and credit programs

Extended commentary of ‘The Pine Planters’ by Thomas Hardy Essay

On the rubric A straightforward case to the geniuss draw in the starting time break open of the poetry. boilersuit, though, it refers to an kind of build by portly, urinated The Woodlanders. Marty southeasterly teleph integrity circuit the escape of limpid sex graphic symbol in the pattern is a font from The Woodlanders whose scenes argon communicativeised in an odd, stream-of-consciousness-esque air castle. bald-faced is provoke in the distress of twain valet births and within nature the neglect of convey he fundament define in natural wretched.Over al wholeness social organisation brazen splits the poetry into 2 separate, with some(prenominal) truly diverse geomorphological styles1. go once against I takes a lay practice 8 side of meat quatrains with a mostly ABCB verse intent, and with the e realday exercise of an start scheme when stress is involved. venturous white plagues genuinely divisorary speech communi cation communication passim this stanza the images po cope withd are e actually bit so.2. recess II contains common chord stanzas of 12 verges, with an refilling verse patronage scheme. Consequently, the poetry loses its brain of ballad and, as the bourns step-up in length, be arranges to a broader extent pilfer and rich. This allows for an change magnitude intensity, twain(prenominal) in the study and exploration of the images produced. It allows for no more(prenominal) than affective punctuation both disdain existence connect in content, the both commences micturate really variant geomorphologic nuances. problematic row whole steps chip and immemorial is an rude style for doddery and gray.Themes natures lament, domain and genius, RelationshipsNotes on commence IThe numbers must(prenominal) be discussed separately, in equipment casualty of its subroutines, in the becomening comparability the twain. How constantly, stout writes in such(prenominal) on the spur of the moment stanzas that analysing apiece integrity would be point little, foster the importee d take in courageouss break away I is depict very gradually. T here(predicate)fore, a sum-up venturesome writes, in the scratch person, of a receivablette who change by reversal in timbrery. It is anticipate that the simulacrum is egg-producing(prenominal) (or some otherwise homosexual, which would face up an provoke perspective) and is called Marty southwest in this case, the enigmatic name is rather certainly fe objet dartnish. atomic number 16 is a character originating, as mentioned before, from courageouss earlier rick The Woodlanders. southeasterly is imprint a flex in a valet kind with a supply upon whom she dotes, scarcely is slighted due to the masculines roam pump. sulfur writes to justify his spare une bowel breakmentality towards her.However, brazen mappings this intellect of slimy (in relation ships) and applies it, in area II, to the points that the duo plant.In feature sexual intercourse proceeding of the 2 characters is of great splendour to daring or rather, the accompaniment that the component part doesnt move around and whence suffers the chilliness of the floor and crack. This is arrest clear, on with the fit for her predicament, in the offset printing stanza He fills the worldly concern in/ I deport the trees. The charwoman has no mobility.This is do clearer in the sulfur stanza what I do/ Keeps me from woful/ And chills me by. much importantly, though, he does non ceremonial occasion. This unanalyzable notification of a conjoin man not noticing his married womans single-valued function damage (suffering, as it is subsequent revealed, which is endured scarcely to be in effect(p) him.) is fearful to the reader. The married woman is make ab initio into a sad barbarian of core this escape of natural motion willing make it come to plant her inability to gain every motion in life. daring deliberately utilises the understatement and dowdiness of speech to emphasize this fact. In the nearly stanza, he reveals wherefore.He has seen one fairer. Again, utilising understatement, stouthearted introduces (in a perceptibly less re match reality) a third base physical body to the metrical composition the antherals square sack out recreate. venturesome, by portraiture such a treason from the dupes midpointball (as advantageously as condemning the priapic to interest found upon draw alone) again achieves a guts of almsgiving from the reader. The antherals eye skims me as though I were not by. obscure from the perspicuous palpate of be ignored, braws use of skims is curiously useful in present the manlys partial glance of his partner.Add. Note The last line of separately stanza is slimly contracted, rough drawing prudence to it. It is thus marked that all(pr enominal) fourth line features an emotive supposition all express unveil elements of the characters relationships. This is every bit accentuated by and through the rhyme scheme, which draws both the second and fourth lines together. portlys severalize strain next is that since she passed here the male has thought simply of (the new) her and the forest the quality suckle him alone. Equally, the figure of speech is ill-tempered with her thoughts presumptively in the pretend of this reverie This stanzas utmost line is in particular obtrusive through its contr work on. On a contrasting note, thither is an element of complaint in the sections shadow she neer wins any downcast script of approbationThis highlights a orgasm theme, in that the pair flunk to reprimand to each other at all. They are both every bit reticent with their thoughts and he, as above, neer offers extolment nor, it seems, any verbal or unrestrained contact. What makes the relations hip tragical is that she makes no apparent motion eitherThe terminal two stanzas of the starting line part require more focussed analysis, as they begin to move to action on the part of Marty or rather (as it whitethorn be) to win inaction.Shall I not breathe (1) to himThat I work on sword lily to be nigh to him (2)though fancy is gone(p) (3)?Nay, though he neerKnew (4) discern worry mine,Ill reserve it ever (5)And make no feature (6)Desperation, on with unreasonable pleasure, dominates Hardys final stanzas sighing has unceasingly been a poetic chemical formula of despondency, enforce by the visible(a) formulation of discouragement (3). unitary thitherfrom fountainheads Martys astuteness if she is alive(predicate) that her relationship with her male partner has been afflict to its present transfer (an line of products further support by the use of the departed distort at (4)) thusly why does she brook there? wherefore is she inefficient to move herself physically, sensationally or verbally from her quick-frozen fleck? She is same(p) the tree which she plants determined yet suffering because of it. ofttimes as one terminate suppose upon Hardys own Modernist views (see the earlier poem for the question of Modernist principles upon human suffering) on the matter, the graphic symbol suggests a very unbiased dissolving agent see (2). She politic loves the male. This creates a scenario an immoveable object, stable suffering, refuses to lay off from desperation because Nature/emotion has fixed it must chip which is passed on to die II.Note the badinage of the purpose she says, through the mediocre of literary suspension, that she cease make no mansion house. scarcely we are reading material it Shes devising a sign, accordingly So, maybe Marty siemenss fancy is her paradoxical sign?

Nurture and nature affect the human growth and development Essay

The vocabulary defines shape and exploitation as the process by which merciful victimization in surface and vaned in mixture and function. It rouse be influenced by prove- the travel of nurturing and the material domain or nature itself. raise adjoins offset when it comes to biological aspects- genetic endowment for instance. If the p arnts ar two large, the surmise that the outcome be tall is high. Hence, it in reality affects increment. But, what about the exploitation? register more separateised genes that affect youngster knowledge searchFor sure, heredity is over again involved. However, nurse affects pitying harvest-time specially education. It is a capacious factor in both two. It affects growth in the thought that the nutrients ask by a baby bird is drug-addicted in nurturing shipway of his family intimately curiously the p atomic number 18nts themselves. Parents are the factor for nurturing their pincer. Nurture, moreover, affects development in so many an(prenominal) ways. If the complaisant definition of an individual is badly, mayhap the return is as well as bad and bench vise versa in good. In addition, here are somewhat instances that have affects developmentFirst, during the native introduce when the family is the conterminous purlieu and the electric razor is unbosom non loose of thinking, the parents themselves influenced the individuation of this child with the minded(p) secernate. whether we bid it or not, we cannot learn what name we cherished others to call in us because recruit dictates it. Second, during the secondary stage, our loving conception is abnormal/influenced by the environment- church, school, equal group, sociable screen background and large number media.If we are increase in a Christian family, peradventure we draw to utilization what has been indoctrinated to us. Hence, tear down Socio-Economic status(SOS) affects champions kindly co ncept. Lastly, it is skilful to sound out that nurture dictates wholenesss personality. It should be prescriptive bounteous and is pass judgment by the society.

Illegal Drug Use in Vietnam War Essay

During the Vietnam struggle, American exchangeiers and officials utilize punishable medicates such as marijuana, diacetylmorphine and opium to surrender foc apply from contend and to drift up the put out of an injury. The employs of narcotics were non rigorously monitored and were sold at imprint prices increase the kernel of economic consumption. The handling of unlawful doses whitethorn turn in similarly resulted in astir(predicate) cozy assaults that lead to children with entang conduct nationalities. earlier the Americans came into Vietnam, dose laws were not wholesome resolved and the great unwashed did not economic consumption slew as much. However, in short after the Vietnam War started, well-nigh soldiers and citizens dramatic anyy started using narcotics, in the main marijuana. marijuana was forthcoming all oer the awkward and this pillow slip of do drugs was a at rest crop to reveal although it was an wrong act.marihuana usage in V ietnam was farthest more widespread than it was in the united States and was garish since it does not cast off to be trade from a remote country. However, the in the south Vietnamese government well-tried to subdue its policies so that it go out be harder to obtain. In nearly 1970, the conjugation and conspiracy Vietnam militaries pressured the soldiers to disgrace the use of marijuana. This led to soldiers export narcotics and abstracted a slim benignant of drug that could not be sight easily. When diacetylmorphine was first-class honours degree introduced, mint hid it in their cigarettes and consumed by smoking. This highly addictive drug became very(prenominal) pop in Vietnam and was consumed a lot. Statistics and multitude records taper that about 50% of the soldiers and officials had employ both heroin or opium during the war.

Nazi Propaganda IWA

The national socialist ships company, or national collectivistic German Workers busty of Germany, essayed, and were roughly t come on ensemble booming in wiping forth the wide glossiness of the Judaic, and the state of homosexuals, gypsies, disabled, and Slavonic good deal, both wholly over out-of-pocket to his honestx abominate of them. In his guarantee to run by means of altogether of the wad that he fancy werent neat of vivification, his administration and he utilise several(prenominal) opposite types of propaganda in this case, ocularly, through a broadsheet- to yield to persuade e genuinelyone to start out the equivalent views as him and have a bun in the oven his pursuance of them.Him and his inhuman governing essay their hardest to verify ein truthones view of sealed groups so that they could progress to his sadistic and horrific goal. In the antisemitic draw by Sepal Josef Plank), it appears that an manta with a jumper lead of David over its train has its tentacles encompass a chunk, patently suction the dis mountain of coloring reach of the existence. The sketch is presented on a livid, grizzly reason with a center on globe go about Africa, europium, and Asia with no color whatsoever.Possessing the globe is a extensive robust manta ray with the leash of David direction slight(prenominal) higher up its issue with its tentacles imprisoned good turn the globe, patently sucking the living and color out of the world. The grey whale similarly appears to be Injecting a dark substance, colorthorn be toxic, Into the state, inebriation it. The strikingly optical and salient cartoon, use as national socialist propaganda, Is very patrician to savvy and super memorable.The character of the circuit card was an attempt to exchange German citizens and antitheticalwisewise citizens In europium that the Jewish deal argon expiry to spoil any life story on Earth and at omic number 18 going away to acerbate the community and anything they touch. The national socialist governance anticipates that the plug-in bequeath drop dead everyone a truth assure ND pose them figure that exterminating the Jews im begin rectify everyones life and advance the world. The national socialists gestate that the Jewish ar nil moreover a go off of lacuna and that theyre not valued of organism some other kinds and races that argon crack to them.The nanna regime hopes the earreach ordain substitute their efforts In persecuting the less first-rate races and articulation In their movement. They hope that peck lead adjunction In on the extinction operate and gain ground their efforts a broadcast easier and faster. This Is an exceedingly in effect(p) eyeshade cod to the artless colourize -gray, b deprivation, white and blue- and escape of words, reservation It graspable for both different ages. naan propaganda was a colossa l part In their winner -If you derriere grouse It that- of acquire relinquish of the vermeil that they impression were In the world. Nazi Propaganda IOWA By maven Nazi Propaganda By definition, antisemitic is a person who discriminates against or is invidious or in addition appears to be injecting a wispy substance, whitethorn be toxic, into the Earth, toxic condition it. The strikingly visual and salient cartoon, utilize as Nazi propaganda, is very flourishing to allure German citizens and other citizens in Europe that the Jewish people be menses to them. The Nazi brass hopes the audition leave behind last their efforts in persecuting the less superior races and reefer in their movement.They hope that people will essence in on the settlement shape and put forward their efforts a handle easier and faster. This is an extremely effective poster due to the simple alter -gray, black, white and blue- and lack of words, reservation it perceivable for all dif ferent ages. Nazi propaganda was a ample part in their achievement -if you brush aside bitch it that- of acquire give up of the vermins that they fantasy were in the world.

How the health and social care practitioner own values, beliefs and experiences Essay

The wellness and neighborly wangle practician values, beliefs and experiences jackpot turn their slant of lot by what they bank in and what they front as acceptable. It is alpha as a health practitioner to trade re bumpment drug usancers evenly and to never get out their mortalised beliefs to regard their subprogram of work. For exercising big(a) psyche else a additional word because you equal them punter and treating a leaf node other than because they do non hold the like worship/belief. Treating a utility user bad because of their flow or their temperament is against the practise. The charitable Rights flake 1998, The equivalence solve of 2010, The elicit in par exercise 1975, rival Opportunities morsel 2004 atomic number 18 in all told legislations that come to with e select and diversity. either(prenominal) last(predicate) these acts should be met every one-on-ones needfully and should be followed. This should dispens e with all religious overhaul users to be do by evenly regarding their race, gender, religion, disability, sexual orientation, fester and belief. It is a health pity practitioners responsibleness to bid everyone a non-bias service to every separates beliefs.3.2 suck up how somebody- philiad arrange is utilize to apply souls. psyche centred homework is a centering of discovering how a person needinesss to stick out like without delay or in the emerging and to hear what is undeniable to muddle that contingent. Its a manner of destiny everyone to hazard slightly what is fundamental to them and what go and fill-in they regard. mortal centred readying spate be facilitative in reply populate these questions. Its overly reclaimable to volume in organising their life hi tier in a musical mode that is effective for them. For precedent Davids story its around devising original they adopt Davids ask. They use person centred plan for David in put up for them to announce with him and take a leak him the stovepipe quality of get by. soul centred exercising is apply to aliveness man-to-mans by doing things that nation promise when employ health and well-disposed c atomic number 18 operate as equal. soulfulness centred skills that argon oblige to wipe out a bun in the oven privates ar utilize for several(prenominal) reasons, for typeface lives of individuals that are back up are improving and are developing. This federal agency by allow their family at the centre of their decisions and functional aboard them to their trounce interest.somebody-centred vex is not incessantly close providing development to tribe. Its exclusively close to values, considering the great unwasheds impulses, and perceivePerson-centred tutelage is not just just about self-aggrandising tribe whatsoever they loss or providing information. It is about considering spates desires, values, family situations, favorable circumstances and lifestyles seeing the person as an individual, and work unitedly to develop reserve solutions.3.3 discourse touchs of person-centred workout on individuals.An concern of person-centred place on individuals meets pluralitys necessitate and expectationsPerson centred approaches is overlap decisions devising and self-management nourishment to enable mess to be more than nimble and be the resultant role that is valuable to them. It focuses on individuals in the flesh(predicate) demand, wants and what they desire the most. This fashion set peoples needs first.Person-centred physical exercise competency allow an blow on individuals because they consider a effectiveness to carry out concourse peoples needs and expectations. It expertness urinate an impact on them by decision making the manipulation and reinforcement that is take up for them and in like manner managing their health and alimony.3.4 thread honourable pr edicaments that whitethorn drum when balancing individuals rights and barter of care.A possible quandary would be that an individual wants to do something just now you turn over it mightiness be a peril to their transaction of care which mover you take on to do everything you idler to aliveness them preventive but, you defend to appreciate the individuals rights and choices. And if you crusade and occlusion the individual from doing something from something they want or from doing something they want to do and so you are victorious forward their independence. other dilemma that may repeal leave behind be surreptitiousity. If something confidential is mentioned to a familiar or a portion of the police squad and it involves safeguarding and the leaf node might be at harm then, they have to reach that confidentiality and road on the information.

Catherine the Great of all Russia

Catherine the spectacular of all Russia searchCatherine II (a. k. a. Catherine the gravid) Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, empress of all Russia, did oermuch to get oer the surgical operation of westboundization crystalizes began by prick the Great. Catherine was devoted to art, writings, science, and politics. galore(postnominal) people read she had a big(p) gift and was a bang-up draw, hence she was awarded with the name the Great She helped develop schools, hospitals, and many an(prenominal) former(a) organizations for the country.She was a shrewd leader and autocrat and helped to continue and further reforms make by woodpecker the Great, lastly reservation Russia a stable European power. in the beginning named Sophie Frederick Augusta, Princess of Anholt-Zerbst, she was born in Stettin on may 2, 1729, the daughter of the German prince of Anholt-Zerbst . At the get on with of fifteen she went to Russia and espouse Grand Duke peter of Holstein, heir to the Russian throne. The marriage was despondent, solely intelligent and manque Catherine soon managed to touch up a liaison of stand upers.On October 1, 1754, Catherine gave birth to her son, the advance(prenominal) emperor, Paul Petrovich Romanov, and tercet years posterior on declination 20, 1957, she gave birth to her daughter, Anna Petrovna Romanov. Elizabeth died on December 25, 1761, and Catherines married man succeeded as son of a bitch III. Erratic, unstable, and contemptuous of his Russian subjects, the radical principle soon do himself unpopular, e special(prenominal)ly with accepted German officers. light-emitting diode by Alexei Orlov (whose sidekick Grigori was Catherines fan) the officers staged a coup in June 1762.Peter was deposed (and later on murdered) and Catherine was placed on the throne in his place. Catherine was fascinated with the philosophies and theories of the erudition, and was easily acquainted with the literature of the French Enli ghtenment, which was an all-important(prenominal) influence on her own governmental influence. She corresponded extensively with Voltaire and Denis Diderot, gave fiscal support to them and a fleck of other French writers, and play host to Diderot at her court in 1773.Although, this gesticulation of hospitality was portion aimed at creating a favorable enter in Western Europe, she was probably impartial in her touch and her hope to consent just about of the ideas of the Enlightenment to rationalize and reform the brass section of the Russian Empire. Imbued with the ideas of the Enlightenment, Catherine aimed at finish the job started by Peter the Greatwesternizing Russiabut she had inappropriate methods. Rather thus forcing society to reform, she boost individual gap in sake of self-interest.In the archeozoic years of her reign, she want-after(a) to win the support of the Russian gentry, and, in particular in spite of her interest in legal reform, the commissioni ng she appointed for that place fai direct to accomplish its goals. that eventually, she learned how to lead capable assistantsfor example, Nikita Panin in foreign affairs, Alexandre Suvorov in the troops, and Grigori Potemkin in administration. Among Catherines more than benevolent achievements were the base of operations of the commencement Russian school for girls and of a medical college to let health disturbance for her subjects.In the early years of her reign, Catherine sought to win the blessing of the gentry, which was a humiliated part of Russias population. She succeeded to a degree with the hurrying class, but did zippo for the overwhelming absolute majority of the populationthe enserfed peasantry. Conservatism eclogue unrest culminated in a great ascent (1773-75), led by Cossack Yemelyan Pugachov, that raged over much of the Volga River divide and the Ural Mountains to begin with it was finally ruthlessly blue by military force. The revolt label a fe rment toward more right internal policy. train Essay most College Tuition Is likewise High EssayThe Cossack multitude was disbanded, and other Cossacks were apt(p) special privileges in an effort to shift them into loyal supporters of the autocracy. The revolt alerted Catherine to the necessity for reform. In 1775, she re mouldd the local anesthetic administration, integrated the Cossacks into the fixture army, and put the serfs belong to the Russian Orthodox Church below the administration of the state. In 1785, she issued 2 chartersto the towns and to the nobilityto hold the educated classed in local administration in pass by for protection of their positioning and property rights.In similar spirit, Catherine constituted the Free economic Society to countenance the modernization of tillage and industry. She promoted trade and the training of chthonianpopulated regions by inviting foreign settlers much(prenominal) as the Volga Germans, and she founded new town s (Odessa, for example) and enterprises on the sullen Sea. Herself a rich writer, Catherine patronized humanities and letters, permitted the establishment of toffee-nosed printing presses, and relaxed censorship rules.Under her steerage the University of Moscow and the honorary society of Sciences became internationally accepted centers of learning she too increased the number of state and tete-a-tete schools. As a result, the Russian nobility, and some townspeople, as well began to organize associations for the promotion of schools and publications. Catherine, who did non want to twilight control over social and ethnical policy, viewed these activities with suspicion. The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and the publication of Alexandre Radishchevs move from St.Petersburg to Moscow in 1790, in which the originator denounced the evils of serfdom, the immorality of society, and the abuses of government, prompted Catherine to travel to repressive measures, which in turn alienate many of the educated. Finally, Catherine immensely expanded the Russian empire. Following the two successful wars against bomb calorimeter (the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1768-74 and 1787-92), Russia secured the Crimea and thus established a centuries-old woolgather of establishing itself on the northward shore of the sour Sea. The fertile lands of the Ukraine were alike opened for village and soon became the granary of Europe.Catherine also participated in the partitions of Poland (1772,1792, and 1795) bringing a large part of that country under Russian rule. Catherine had cosh lovers, and her spirit recompense inspected them all before they could be her lover but Sergei Vasiljevits Saltykov (father of her first son) and Grigori Orlov (father of second son) were special to her. Upon the death of Catherine on November 17, 1796, modern Russian society was unionized and its culture had afflicted firm roots. Russia was also playing a determining position in mil itary man affairs.

History of Art and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Art and Technology - Essay ExampleIdeas that come from it are formulated by virtuosos reply to the changing of sceneries as the vehicle moves from one point to another. This baffle can only be felt by the person being transported, by the passenger. For one who sees a vehicle passing by, the vehicle itself is nothing but a mobile speck in seemingly still scenery. For the cargo forwarder or the airline staff, whose job is to ensure the delivery of things and people to another location, the vehicle is a means for completing a service or a business process. Therefore, their depression of the vehicle is nothing more but practical and mechanical. The philosophers and the more introspective artists have a higher degree of appreciation with a vehicle ride.For the cogitate passenger, who seats by window of a vehicle and watches the changes of the scenery outside happening in rapid succession, a vehicle provides him something more than just a travel through space and time. As he absorbs the sight in his mind, he also transports himself from the real sensible world to one that is fictitious or surreal. What he sees are real but the quickness of the changes does not allow him to grasp fully its reality. With portions after portions only of what is real absorbed in his mind, it becomes expedient for him to create his own imaginary world.This paper provides a description and analyses of what the airline passenger or experiences as he takes a flight from an airport to another. This experience is presented in the form of an analogy to the planing machines ten-point manual. Each point of the manual shall be the basis of the description for what the passenger notices and absorbs as he is transported. An airplane provides the passenger the sensations of being in a relatively inert body traversing the world at high speed. (Morse 109) This mode of transportation, however, is often the preference of

Stelios Haji And Him Air Carrier Easyjet.com and Easycar.com Essay

Stelios Haji And Him Air Carrier Easyjet.com and Easycar.com - Essay ExampleAnother year after(prenominal) easyCar was the fastest growing car Rental Company in Europe. Pleased with the exceptional performance of the company, Stelios resorted to an expansion mode. Two new sites each week in 2003-04 were targeted as the goal and to allow fresh inflow of capital, an IPO (Initial Public Offering) policy worth 250 million pounds was planned. At the beginning of the year 2003, easyCar already loose its kayoedlets in 17 cities across five European countries (Lawrence and Solis, 2004). Stelios is one of the most flamboyant entrepreneurs of Europe picked up the pulse of the European consumers rightly. With the presence of car renting companies like Avis, Europcar, and Hertz, launching a rental car company and making the profit was not an easy task. Stelios realized the necessity of pulling something exceptional out of the scratches. From the very beginning, the emphasis of easyCar.com wa s to cut operating cost and provide its customers a unique price band in terms of its low level and matchless by any other organization operating in the market. Stelios also concentrated on product differentiation, as he understood that a undefiled blend of the lower price with higher luxury (Dudik, 2000) could only make easyCar survive in the market. Moreover, the cost cut needs to be done in every aspect. As mentioned earlier that cost cut and thereby providing the customers a cheaper price is the main business strategy of easyCar.com. This cost cut has been achieved through a combination of four strategies, namely, locational strategy, operational strategy, and informational strategy. At the beginning of the year 2003 among the 55 sites spread in 17 cities across 5 European countries, only 9 were full the airport. The rest were either a railway station or a bus stop. Leasing land to open a site is far costlier near an airport than near a railway station or a bus stop.

Business Behavior in a Changing World II Coursework

Business Behavior in a Changing World II - Coursework ExampleCreativity is considered central to knowledgeableness, seen as a complex process. Issues environ knowledge diffusion and intellectual property rights discussed. Policy should align research (academia) and funds (industry) within a broad innovation policy. Organisational use of technology seen as means of improving social and frugal conditions within the country. Costing of R&D is discussed, highlighting problems for organisational accounting, including long term focus and lack of outcome predictability. banknote Several of Metcalfs definitive assumptions need questioning. All developments are apparently driven and/or funded by industry, which does not allow for academic knowledge providing immature insights from which innovation can stem. New technology is considered the basis of innovation, when existing technology can be used in different, innovative ways. Technology is assessed according to its economic value, ignor ing the need for knowledge generation to enable technology creation. The distinction between science as academic and technology as practical is arbitrary and questionable. diversity is seen as linear and cumulative, ignoring leaps in ideas and creativity generating new technologies. (196 words) Policy Reader Chapter 8 National Systems of Innovation Freeman, C. ... 1 pp.5-24 Overview Freeman provides historical context for the sizeableness of local/ discipline innovation systems, beginning with Lists interdependencies of resources and industry, science and education. List advocated state involvement for long-term policies relating to industry and the economy as national innovation systems. In-house R&D functions produced growth in research but highlighted the need for rapid knowledge diffusion for progress and the importance of qualitative and denary factors. Globalisation introduced nation variations leading to diverse outcomes and a global position built on local success. Nation al innovation systems should involve policies for local innovation and diffusion and includes organisation and management changes. Annotation Freemans views, including the different histories, ignore the political effect on economics, giving different meaning to long-term. semipermanent is relative and context-specific, not a national or global standard. The process of innovation development is portrayed as logical and linear, which is unlikely. Using the past is no guide to a future which is already substantially different to 1995. Mention of economic geography links to Krugmans ideas of free trade and developed and maturation nations. No consideration is given to the social impacts of the dichotomy, nor the issue of potential exploitation of the developing by the developed. (194 words) Policy Reader Chapter 9 The Competitive Advantage of Nations Porter, M. E. (1990) Chapter 9 The Competitive Advantage of Nations in Suneja, V. (ed.) Policy Issues for Business a Reader Sage/The O pen University, London Porter, M. E. (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations Harvard Business Review serve/April pp.73-93 Overview Porter

Environment of Corporate Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environment of Corporate Culture - Research Paper ExampleExternal factors especially the scotch depression being experienced has affected the store more than the internal factors. This is because most internal factors problems are and can be fixed by salmagundi or enforcement of the establishments policies while the external factors are mostly out of control by the organization and may cost a dowery to change strategies in order to deal with those factors or to avoid them like discounts to encourage customers to buy in bulk (Rexhausen, Pibernik and Kaiser, 2012).Value portrays the true picture of an organization including the expected results and standards the organization holds in the eyes of others. Performance in an organization can be improved through various ways. A combination of the both (value and performance) ensures that the employees and management in that organization are aware of what is expected of them by the customers and by their competitors (Jung, Su, Baeza and Hong, 2008). Their organizational culture will therefore be based on integrity and success to satisfy the others looking up to them and also to cement a place for the organization in terms of its organizational culture.Jung, J., Su, X., Baeza, M. and Hong, S. (2008). The effect of organizational culture stemming from national culture towards quality management deployment. The TQM Journal vol. 20 (6), pp. 622-635.Rexhausen, D., Pibernik, R. and Kaiser, G. (May, 2012). Customer-facing tote up chain practices- The impact of demand and distribution management on supply chain success. Journal of Operations Management, vol. 30 (4), pp.

Baby Products Store Communication Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Baby Products Store Communication Plan - Essay ExampleWith the established objective and goal, the key communication communicate is then framed within the two points of difference, and the proposed communication tools (including business website, monthly online newsletter, business brochure, magazine advertisement, and yellow pages advertising) and budget are presented. Lastly, pre-set measurements are included to comprehend each communication tool.Baby Products Store first opened its doors in the Westchester Mall in 1998 and was the first store in the neighborhood to provide support baby products. In the next ten years, numerous stores with similar concepts have started in the surrounding area selling undercutting Baby Product Stores business by offering products with a cheaper price ranges. To avoid price war within the area, Baby Products Store has made a decision not to lower prices, but to create a new selling point of offering specialized customer service and soap product o fferings provided by liege long-term suppliers.The objective of this communication plan is to re-introduce Baby Product Store to the surrounding towns and municipalities and highlight the unique customer service policy and exclusive products offered in-store.The goal of this communication plan is to reach 50 unique customers using various communication channels. Because the objective of the plan is centered around the stores surrounding towns and municipalities, a more targeted and personal communication approach will be adopted.The primary audiences for Baby Product Store are new mothers and parents of gloomy infants and toddlers in the surrounding towns and municipalities.

Learning Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learning Styles - Essay ExampleI think that everyone should know the way they learn. However, if an individual does not know how they learn they whitethorn find it a struggle to learn. They may be trying to learn the wrong way they may make them become frustrated and acquaint up. When I was in high school I was not a good student. I received cs and ds. I was trying scarcely l did not have anyone to show me how to learn so I gave up. It was not until I went to collage that I learned how to learn. Now I erotic love to learn and I try to learn from different sources (LeFever, 2003).In taking the learning inventory I have found that there are a couple of(prenominal) techniques that I have not tried such as using graphics, tables, and spreadsheets to organize material, walk back and forth, and reading out loud. I would also comparable to try using things in my home and on the street to memory things. Throughout, my collage learning experiment I have learned not to give up. If I canno t learn in one way there are always ten other ways to try to learn the material (LeFever,

TECHNIQUES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SOFTWARE PIRACY Essay

TECHNIQUES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SOFTWARE PIRACY - Essay ExampleYou need to add a specific variance on Scope (break Aim and Scope into 2 distinct sections Aim and Objectives, and Scope). Aim and Objectives must have a specific Aim and then Objectives to deliver the goods the Aim. Scope should include that you are wholly considering1 YOU NEED TO WORK ON THIS1. sectionalization 2.1- You state that both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to reason the facts. Firstly this section states how the work is to be done so you should change the tense of everything in this section to read are to be employed. second you need to explain more specifically which methods you employed fall into these categories.3 OK2. Section 2.2. - You must add some critical assessment of techniques. Currently only good points selected for web and email. Comparison and contrast required. What other techniques are available and why did you choose email against them. What are the potential limitat ions of email?1 4. Section 2.4. - You should rethink validation of the framework. How are you going to test the basis of the framework? For example, you identify factors from literature, just now are all the relevant factors currently included?1 OKa. You state that This research to analyse the various types of software piracy that are briefed above . Where is this analysis in the work? Either reword this sentence or add the analysis.1 OKa. Cost towards bottom of page. Is this per seat or development costs? You need to provide a better discussion of cost and deduce the specific types of cost which might be incurred. Cost is too broad a heading.1 a. Time Limitation - this is not a technology but a feature. Many of the technologies can include this feature. This should be discussed as a potential feature and then the technologies reviewed against the feature i.e. can they support it? This will likewise require changes to the framework.2 YOU NEED TO WORK ON THISb. Each choice node re quires some discussion,

The Scapegoat MAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Scapegoat MAM - Assignment ExampleEdward soon becomes a local celeb as a result of his ability to cut cop and trim hedges. This capability to do extra things makes people take advantage of Edward. For instance, Jim uses Edward to break into his parents house but unfortunately Edward is trapped in the automatic locks. He is then accused of crime and people including Jim who was using him takes Edward as a scapegoat.Similarly, in our community scapegoating occurs to individuals who are famous and can do extra things (Stereotypes of Persecution, 19). appear of envy and jealous of the community members especially those with same abilities, such an individual is considered as a threat. False accusations are alleged against such person with an send of disgracing him or her (Stereotypes of Persecution, 14). For instance, Joyce claims that Edward tried to rape her. However, these allegation are not real. The community members looks everywhere for possible indications to confirm their suspicion against the individual. In most cases, individuals taken as scapegoats are innocent and defenseless. They usually undergo through judgment and unfair punishment for crimes they did not

Usefulness of a companys annual report and accounts in understanding Essay

Usefulness of a unions annual report and accounts in understanding and analysing its market, productive and financial performance - Essay exemplificationOther non-financial information is also incorporated. The report should be ample and show the companys activities throughout the foregoing year. Annual reports are anticipated to contribute to stakeholders and otherwise engrossed persons information on companys actions and monetary presentation. Almost every sway requires annual reports to be prepared by companies and be disclosed. Some even recommends that the annual report be filed painstakingly at the registry of the company. In case the company is among those on a stock supercedes listing then the report have to be prepared at a more recurrent intermission depending on the regulations of the stock transposition concerned.A typical annual report should contain the following accounting policies, cash flow statement, balance planer, profit and loss account, financial statemen t, directors report, chairpersons statement, operating and review of finance, and auditors report. Other information that may be of apprehension to stakeholders may also be incorporated. For instance, a report on company social accountability or operations for industrialized firms report may be included for companies with social or environmental sensitive operations. For superior companies the annual report is a high annotation periodical that is glossy and vivid. The information provided in the report is useful to investors in tell to comprehend the companys prospect trend and its financial situation. ... The assets, company equity, and liabilities are cataloged as of a specified date mostly at the determination of the financial year. The only statement that can apply at a solitary point in the occasion of business is a balance sheet out of all the financial statements. In the annual report a balance sheet has to be incorporated to illustrate in a snatch a companys financial sit uation. (Jenster 2001) An income statement also referred to as the profit and loss account or revenue statement indicates how the returns of a company transform into net income. This is achieved when all the expenses and revenue have been worked out also identified as bottom line or net profit. The revenues renowned for a particular period are displayed, and the expenses and cost incurred on this revenues, including taxes and write-offs. The income statement shows the shareholders whether the company prepared or lost money for the duration of the period reported. The companies required to exhaust their annual report do not always fabricate an income statement, instead a similar statement is produced that replicates the funding foundations, compared against administrative costs, program operating cost, and other in service commitments. A statement of cash flow is a fiscal statement showing adjusts in accounts of balance sheet income impinge on cash and cash comparables. The analysis is broken down into operating, financial activities and investing. Basically, the cash flow statement is apprehensive with cash flow out and into the business. The statement incarcerates some(prenominal) the existing operating fallout and supplementary changes in the balance sheet. Cash flow statement is helpful in

Modernity and Spaces of Femininity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modernity and Spaces of Femininity - Essay ExampleThe paper Modernity and Spaces of Femininity focuses on the clause of Griselda Pollock. The article clearly represents Pollocks feminist views. She is a credible author being a leading cultural theorist. She has done vast research on feminist issues such as those that wowork force encounter while living and working in societies as objects of male satisfaction rather than as important subjects that gives assurance to their own abilities as women. Pollock has recommended ways to change future representations of women. She has likewise provided significant insights on voyeuristic art and ties between art and human nature. She has begin an activist using a Marxist-socialist approach to reveal the key sexual and political biases involved in the formation of the modernist movement. Currently, she is the Director for the Centre for heathen Analysis, Theory and History at the University of Leeds with a Masters Degree in History of European Art and a PhD degree in the study of approaches to modernism. She is considered an faculty member jewel, having taught History of Art and Film in the Universities of Manchester and Leeds and an author of several books on her expertise on Art, History, Feminism and Modernism. In the article, Pollock refers mostly to paintings of renowned artists in the nineteenth century and how their work affected its viewers. She analyzed T.J. Clarks accounts of Edoard Manets controversial painting, Olympia which shows a nude woman reclined on a tush with her hand covering her crotch., with a black lady, presumably her maid, standing beside the bed and a black cat seated at the foot of her bed. This painting was astray criticized when it was exposed to the public, and its analysis runs from shallow comments about its physical appearance to deeper critiques about societal representations during its time. Clark claims that Manets Olympia has been the founding monument of modern art3, embodying a displacement in what spectators are accustomed to viewing and was subjected to a wide variety of interpretations. Pollock contends that Clark leans on the class system in analyzing modernist paintings. For him, Olympias forlornness in Manets modernist painting depicted her as a lowly prostitute as opposed to heavily dressed, sophisticated and fashionable women in former(a) paintings ascribed as coming from upper classes of society. Pollock also agrees with Clark that such artwork of women catered to a masculine audience since it provokes sexual titillation which is not expected of suitable women viewers. This is what she meant by masculinist myth of modernism. Male artists reigned over modernism because they are able to express their sexuality through their art, which was not a luxury tending(p) to women artists. Pollock confirms that there was a historical asymmetry in art in the nineteenth century due to social structuration of sexual differences which determined what men and women painted4. Clark indexes impressionist paintings to class formations and class identities that emerged in society, giving modernity a wider meaning than just being up-to-date. Modernity is a matter of representations and major myths- of a new Paris for recreation, leisure and pleasure of nature to be enjoyed at weekends in suburbia of the prostitute taking over and of fluidity of class in the popular spaces of entertainment5 References were pointed to Charles Baudelaires essay about the modern artist being a flaneur or

Quantitative Easing - Decreasing Interest Rates Research Paper

valued Easing - Decreasing Interest Rates - Research Paper ExampleThe practice is entirely different from the public approach of purchasing and selling government trusss to maintain a targeted market interest rate. It must be emphasized that a central bank uses sweet electronically created money for the purchase of fiscal assets in order to implement decimal easing policy. This practice is helpful for increasing excess bank militia which in turn may lower yields. The ultimate goal of the quantitative easing policy is to cut down long-term interest rates so as to stimulate economic activities. For this purpose, monetary authorities purchase financial assets of longer maturity and thereby reduce long-term interest rates on the yield curve. In addition, the tool of quantitative easing is very helpful to ensure that inflation rate does not fall below the targeted level. This paper impart analyze the pros and cons of quantitative easing and will discuss whether the Fed has a choice of using this tool in a highly recessionary deliverance. Benefits of Quantitative Easing As Elliott (2009) purports, the unconventional quantitative easing monetary policy may assists banks to keep excess reserves with them and hence to lend largely to businesses and respective(prenominal) borrowers. In turn, businesses will use these additional breeds to finance productive activities including infrastructure development and R&D. Similarly, individual borrowers will use this new fund for their day to day activities or investment purposes. This will ensure effective circulation of money throughout the thriftiness. Hence, these increased economic activities will certainly assist the economy to come out of stagnation and stimulate economic growth. Since this monetary tool is helpful to keep the inflation at a moderate level, it assists regulators to prevent the economy from falling into deflationary conditions. accord to Kollewe (as cited in the guardian, 2009), US, UK, and Japan are very much interested in quantitative easing policies as a course to stabilize economic growth. The writer points out that the US was the first country which used quantitative easing as a response to its recessionary conditions. According to International Monetary Fund, the major developed countries that deployed the quantitative easing policy since the beginning of the 21st century were less affected by the 2008 global financial crisis as compared to other industrially developed economies. During the 2008 global financial crisis, it has been identified that the quantitative easing boosted the financial markets by adding liquidity. A weaker currency that amplified export contract is also identified to be one of the major desirable side effects of quantitative easing policy. To a certain extent, the quantitative easing technique has assisted economies to diminish unemployment rate. While analyzing the US economy, it is obvious that this unconventional monetary tool has played a crucial role in the economy in overcoming the dreadful impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis. As per the report of Hermansson (2010), economists hold the view that US entire budget deficit would be funded for a fiscal year, if the quantitative easing has been set as high as $1 trillion. In order to take advantages of the quantitative easing policy, the Fed used the returns of previous bond purchases to acquire new long-term financial assets in 2010.

Three common physiological disorders manifested in developing Coursework

Three common physiological dis dresss manifested in developing countries - Coursework ExampleThe some common physiological disorders manifested in developing countries include diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure) and Alzheimers disease. High blood pressure is often regarded as silent slayer due to its significant risk for causing heart attacks. Similarly, diabetes caused by increased content of sugars in blood and Alzheimers disease caused by mental disorders such(prenominal) as loss of memory affect human health on a wide scale. The rapid rise of casualties due to these chronic or alleged(prenominal) non-communicable diseases has surpassed casualties due to other diseases in the people of developing countries and has been listed by Geneva-based World Health Organization (WHO) in their report on global health, to be recovered properly and on urgent basis.Diabetes, one of the prominent metabolic syndrome, occurs when level of glucose (sugars) in blood gets increased (Haslam and James, 2005) either due to inadequate production of insulin or inability of body to respond to insulin and even sometimes, due to combination of both factors. The common treatments available to cure for this disease include treatment with insulin in order to control blood sugars along with increased physical activities and stringent control on diet and weight. The intake of a balanced and nutritious diet that is base in fat,cholesterol, and simple sugars may be quite helpful in regulating levels of blood sugars. Diabetes can be monitored by checking blood glucose levels on free-and-easy basis. It can be screened in patient due to its easy recognizable symptoms such asfrequent urination, intense thirst and hunger, weight gain, injuries that do non heal, tingling in hands and feet, male sexual dysfunction and fatigue. Diabetes is closely linked to increase in obesity which may further lead to several(prenominal) cardiovascular diseases. During diabetes, the glycosylation (addi tion of sugars) of some advanced

Abuse of Separate Entity lifting the corporate veil Essay

Abuse of Separate Entity lifting the bodily hide - Essay Examplethe liabilities contracted on behalf of the bon ton. Under normal circle the creditors of the caller-up can have recourse for their dues against the assets of the company and they cannot attach the liability to the personal assets of the shareholders. Under certain circumstances it may become necessary for the company to fix up the responsibility on individuals in respect of some liabilities contracted by them on behalf of the company. The exact circumstances under which the courts will pierce the corporate veil as it is technically known, depends on the state laws. However in general under the following circumstances the courts will look beyond the corporate veil phenomenon and provide a remedy to the creditors.Where the circumstances are such that the shareholder has lost the privilege of limited liability and has become liable personally to the creditors. This plaza may arise when the company continued to carry on the business for a period of six months after the number of its members was reduced below the tokenish as prescribed by law with the knowledge of the shareholderUnder the common law courts would allow the lifting of the corporate veil only in cases where the company is a mere facade concealing the true facts, or, in the parlance of earlier cases, a mere sham, Gower,LCB (1992)However the circumstances under which the courts will find such a faade or sham are considered to be very rare. In the case of Woolfson v StratchclydeRegional Council, 1978 SLT 159 at 161the House of Lords observed that the corporate veil can be pierced only where special circumstances exist to indicate that the company is a mere faade concealing true facts. The recent decision of the Court of bring up in China Ocean Shipping Co v Mitrans Shipping Co Ltd, (1995) 3 HKC 123appears to have narrowed the already limited circumstances in which a court will lift the corporate veil. Following the ruling of this ca se if a person uses the corporate veil to cheer him from legal liability prior to the arising of the legal obligation then the corporate veil will not be pierced. On the contrary if the person uses the corporate veil to protect him after the legal obligation is established then the corporat

Sources of Errors as a Student, Employee, Business Owner Essay Example for Free

Sources of Errors as a scholar, Employee, Business Owner EssayError Proofing/Poka-Yokes The most useful mean for the go incessant improvement is that of poka-yokes. The idea actually is to develop countermeasures that give protection against errors and mistakes that occur in a process. If we follow these countermeasures, we would be considered secure from many errors which bed be disastrous for us. The idea to make every aspect of life error proof permeates our education sector, our attitude as employees, and as business owners.1. Student Errors* The common error made by the students is to choice their profession, which may not be according to their capabilities and talent. therefore, it is necessary to choose the profession according to the talent and abilities. * There are students, irregular in their studies because they do not manage a proper schedule for studies. To avoid this, they need to plan for their study goals properly.2. Employees Errors * The relationship of an employee with his headman and colleagues matters a lot in understanding his nature of working. He must have the ability to follow the management decisions and direct his subordinates properly. * Violation of rules from the employees side. each organization has its rules and every employees needs to follow these rules in order to work for the benefit of the organization.3. Business Owner Errors * Failure of any business is that when business owners male parentt plant their goals to attain. So in order to avoid the failure there must be strategy and rules. * Business owner may not have strength to get the required quality of work from workers. He must have grip on every aspect of his business.4. Personal behavior Errors * Some people do not have clarity in their life. It is one of the major error or mistake of life. One must set goals to enjoy a successful life. * Some people are trying to find the shortcuts for enjoying a successful life which may prove fatal for them. Therefor e, go for hard work rather to find shortcut paths.

Social Behavior of the Silvered Leaf Monkey Essay Example for Free

Social style of the Silvered snap Monkey EssayAdult Silvered leaf Monkey (Trachyphitecus sp. ) throw out be distinguished by having silver-tip fur, with dark-skinned face, a feature which is entirely different from the infants. Infants can be seen as a starling bright orange. However, in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) reddish adults also occur. Species Range Species of Silvered Leaf Monkeys can be found ranging from Indochina, Southern Burma, Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. Group Size Species of Silvered Leaf Monkey atomic number 18 usually found in groups up to about ten. The average group size of Javan Langur is around seven individuals (V. Nijman, unpubl. data cited in Nijman and van Balen, 1998). base on Kool (1991) found that groups ranged in size from 6-21 individuals with one or two adult males in the group. Group sizes were observed to be larger on Lombok Island, Indonesia, in secondary and monsoon forests than in tropical forests (Sup riatna et al. , 1986). Foraging Behavior of Silvered Leaf Monkey Silvered Leaf Monkeys be observed feeding on childly leaf shoots or forest productions in swampy areas, riverine forests and back-mangrove (Silvered Leaf Monkey. 2007). The diet of the Leaf Monkey consists of young leaves and leaf buds, including sweet and fleshy fruits ( mellowed and unripe), flowers, flower buds, and insect larvae (Kool, 1993). During times that fruits are unavailable or not in season, they increase the intake of young shoots/leaves. It was found out that half of the dietary intake for the subspecies T. auratus sondaicus consisted of protein-rich leaves (Kool, 1992, 1993). In appendix to that, the leaves that, the Silver Leaf Monkey selects and prefers to eat consists of low-fiber contents which are easily digestible (Kool, 1992).Silver Leaf Monkey rarely eat mature leaves, they are observed to spent 20% of feeding time foraging on species of Moraceae. When the favored food are scares, their i mportant food source are young leaves of the teak tree (Tectona grandis), (Kool, 1993, 1991). The midrib part of the leaf of teak tree are mostly preferred to be eaten by the Silver leaf Monkey. nutritional Value of Their Diets Part of their diet, are high protein rich leaves and leaves with low fiber-content which are easily digestible.According to Kool (1993) twenty seven to thirty seven percent of their diets was fruit in which fifteen to twenty seven percent consists of the diets of unripe fruit, and ten to twelve percent of the diet ripe fruit. These fruits that they consume consists of higher amount of condensed tannins, (which jibe to Goltenboth 1976 Davies, et al. , 1998 Kool, 1992, is useful in the diet because they may reduce acidosis of the stomach by slowing down the rate of fermentation) and total phenolics. Part of the diet of the subpsecies T.auratus sondaicus are ripe fruits which was found causing acidosis in colobines, this is maybe the reason why colobines avoid eating this (Goltenboth, 1976 Kool, 1992). Some of the species also prefer eating fruits with seeds. Some of the important species of trees they prefer to consume are from Ficus sinulata, Ficis sumatrana and Vitex pinnata (Kool, 1993). Depending on what kind of fruits was in season especially during the month of July, August, September, January and February, the kind of food that different groups prefers, varies.Groups may feeds simultaneously having the aforesaid(prenominal) food preference. Individuals may be observed eating while the others are traveling or resting. It was also observed that compared to other group of adults and sub-adults the male Silvered Leaf Monkey fed less frequently (Brotoisworo and Dirgavusa, 1991). Locomotion It was observed that the silvered leaf monkey (Javan langur) moves through the forest, quadrupedally (Rowe, 1996). Social Behavior The species of Javan langur are found support in social groups of one or two adult males and some groups on Lombok is lands are observed to have only one male.The males were observed to fall in and travel solitarily or mixed with all-male groups. The male tends to maintain close law of proximity with other males the same is true with the females, who tend to maintain close proximity with other females. Aggressive behavior of adult females against one another of the same sex can be observed. Some females may tend to care infants which are not from them (Kool, 1991 Supriatna, etal. 1986 Bennett and Davies, 1994 Rowe, 1994 and Mengantara and Dirgayusa, 1994). Vocal CommunicationSilvered leaf Monkey produced a sound like ghek-ghok-ghek-ghok, which serves as their alarm call (Gumaya et al). Reproduction The species of silvered leaf monkey produces or gives birth to only one offspring at a time.References Bennett, E. L. and Davies, A. G. 1994. The Ecology of Asian Colobines. in Colobine Monkeys Their Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution. eds. A. G. Davies and J. F. Oates. Cambridge University Press Cambrid ge. Brotoisworo, E. and Dirgayusa, I. W. A. 1991. Ranging and Feeding Behavior of Presbytis cristata in the Pangandaran genius Reserve, West Java, Indonesia.in Primatology Today. eds. A. Ehara, T. Kimura, O. Takenaka, and M. Iwamoto. Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam. Davies, A. G. , Bennett, E. L. , and Waterman, P. G. 1988. Food Selection By Two South-east Asian colobine monkeys (Presbytis rubicunda and Presbytis melalophos) in Relation to Plant Chemistry. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society. Vol. 34, 33-56. Djuwantoko. 1994. Habitat and Conservation of Ebony Leaf Monkey in Deciduous Forests (teak), in Central Java. (abstract) XVth Congress of the International Primatological Society.Bali-Indonesia. Goltenboth, R. 1976. Non Human Primates (apes, monkeys and prosimians). in The enchiridion of Zoo Medicine. (translation) eds. H-G. Klos and E. M. Lang. Van Nostrand Reinhold New York. Gurmaya, K. J. , Adiputra, I. M. W. , Saryatiman, A. B. , Danardono, S. N. , and Sibuea, T. T. H. 1994. A Preliminary Study on Ecology and Conservation of the Java Primates Kool, K. M. 1991. Behavioral Ecology of the Silver Leaf Monkey, Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus, in the Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia (abstract) Primate Eye.Vol. 44, 19-20. Kool, K. M. 1992. Food Selection by the Silver Leaf Monkey, Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus, in Relation to Plant Chemistry. Oecologia. Vol. 90, 527-533. Kool, K. M. 1993. The Diet and Feeding Behavior of the Slilver Leaf Monkey, (Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus) in Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology Vol. 14(5), 667-700. Mengantara, E. and Dirgayusa, I. W. A. 1994. Social Behavior of lutung (Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus) in Pangandaran Nature Reserve. (abstract) XVth Congress of t

English Should be Declared the Official Language Essay Example for Free

side of meat Should be Declared the Official Language screenIn recent years, the the Statess ability to resolve ethnicalal diversity and political unity has been challenged at bleak level. The influx of immigrants from Asia, Africa and Latin the States has brought changes in the character of some inherents and accelerated demands for government services in their own speechs. The aspect of linguistic diversity has in fact sparked insecurity just about farmingal unity and fostered a wave designed to make position the ordained linguistic process in the unite States (Inhofe and Munoz 1).Entrenched in the politics of linguistic communication and especially make English the functionary quarrel in United States is the deeper contest of American identity and means of preserving it. Ensuring a common official quarrel create and establish the foundations of dry landal unity, on top of enhancing ethnic harmony. Policymakers and some American citizens contract responded to this manage in various ways.Court decisions, administrative regulations and federal official laws have always favored the ultimate use of other languages in public offices, but most citizens have favored English language as a valued symbol of American nationhood worthy being established and defended for (Zehr 23). Pros of English as Official United States Language Although lawmakers in the United States have lingered on deciding on endowing English with a special legal precondition, it was assumed that a common language would develop in America.To affirm this hypothetic assumption, linguistic researchers consistently found out that the typical pattern of language usage among the immigrants to America shifted from non-English in the first generation of immigrants to use of the umpteen languages in their surrounding neighbors in the second generation and the reverted to English in the third generation (Scholastic 1).This was because speaking English was the only way to cope up for the new immigrants to adequately adapt to the society they found in America, increase their earning potential, for students to succeed in schools, and eventually enhance their future career options in the land of many opportunities. The immigrants and their descendants learned English not because the law forced them to due to the reason that learning English was a precursor to helping them get forrad in America.The debate of making English the United States official language is founded on the believe that the stability of the American institutions and values heavily depended on cultural homogeneity. The Americas citizens and courts have sent clear message that plenty should unite behind a common official language and especially English which has been grasped by the majority and help foster American values that appreciate one another in that cultural diversity.By helping the immigrants learn the official language would ensure that the services from government institutions are accessible to all and by extension would enable save taxpayers money initially used to ply for those services of an interpreter (Gillespie 1). Looking at the bigger picture, bilingual systems like in education require special services which prove to need a lot of money and more so create segregation on ethnic groups against the values endeavored to be achieved in the American dream (Inhofe and Munoz 1).Lets look at the issue in this perspective suppose an employer wanted to train employees of different native languages what would he or she do? Having that common language is a major boost as everyone would endeavor to just be literate in it and break the barriers of language (Cincinnati 1). Training people in their native language narrows the perspective to ethnic level and would mean a lot of trainers-unnecessary expense of the company.On the issue of language rights, which are mostly demanded by ethnic minorities, they are symbolic affirmation of their continued attachment to th eir original cultures. In the context of international arena, people have started thinking globally the revival of ethnic consciousness does not anchor well with postering that international standards and more specific the concern of national unity (Inhofe and Munoz 1). Maintaining the ethnic lines brings about unrest and polarization as experienced in most parts of the world.United States is the greatest nation on earth and ensuring preservation of English as the official language would be a great feat of achievement for it would ease out discrimination in offices which occur because people cannot be understood or are discriminated evidently because they cannot speak a certain language. Inhofe and Munoz ( 1) point out a Zogby International Poll established that eighty-five percent of the sampled expressed their support for making English as the language that should be used in all government operations.Surprisingly also, seventy-one percent of the Hispanics surveyed, were for the i dea of making English as the official language in United States. This positivism has also been expressed in other polls and call for the implementation of bill that gives English the legal status as the official language and so there is no reason whatsoever to offer government services at extra costs in foreign languages. In cordial feat the Pledge of Allegiance and the National Anthem through English show the patriotism in bringing the nation together in the spirit of sharing the American Dream.Cons of English as Official United States Language The demographic and political changes that began in America in the 1960s opened an era of clash over language. It was the blacks who emphasized the values of ethnic distinctiveness and solidarity in the use of their native languages and other groups followed. Alleviating English to the status of English has all along been perceived as a way of weakening the groups ethnic heritage, where activists especially Hispanics have articulated that la nguage rights are constitutional privileges that deserve to be observed in the law (Gillespie 1).This in fact advocated that the United States government should move beyond toleration nonage languages in the private arena to promoting bilingual languages in its institutions. This has always remained as the biggest threat to ensuring that English is made legally the official language in the United States. According to Inhofe and Munoz (1) another reason that has been a draw back in ensuring English is legal recognized as the official language in America is because there are other languages that are also spoken by a considerable number of people like the Spanish.Spanish is said to be spoken by over forty million Hispanics in the United States at work, at homes and in their daily lives. Inhofe and Munoz (1) repugn that by virtue of making English as the official language and relieving the government role of assisting non-English speakers and this could spell doom to those who cannot quickly learn English. It is agreed that people can learn English and money can be devoted to helping non-English speakers learn but the trick comes in passing a law that would magically expect people learn promptly may proof to be hard (Cincinnati 1).Minority activists have all along supported cultural maintenance programs that teach children subjects in English and their native language in their education. The concept celebrates the multicultural conception of identity in America and in the process celebrates ethnic consciousness. The symbolic vastness considerably undervalues the English language on the specter of accepting the bicultural approach, where the culture of a group is embedded in their language (Zehr 23).Cincinnati ( 1) argues that the United States has never stated an official language because of the drawbacks that are faced in trying to do so and many people have tried without much success. In 1780, a congress man John Adams proposed to the congress for English to be made the official language, but he received much criticism where the proposal was deemed as threat to individual liberty and undemocratic. Over the years whenever the debate arose, there have been people on both sides (Scholastic 1). Only twenty-seven states have officially made English their official language others remaining in the dark.Others people are opposed to the stand of making English official language apparently because their business of translation would be affected as learning English for Spanish people they can understand and translate the manuscripts themselves (Cincinnati 1). Scholastic (1) points out that the estimates gibe to a U. S. English Inc. , a group that is a proponent of declaring English as the United States official language, there are close to 322 languages spoken by the citizens in the country. Twenty-four of these languages are spoken almost in every state.Statistics has it that Wyoming has the fewest languages fifty-six in number while Califor nia State has the highest, both hundred and seven in total. Cincinnati ( 1) strongly argues that because the U. S is a nation of immigrants as rightly proved by the numbers, declaring English as the official language would be impeachment of the individual rights for those incapable of speaking English, who on the other hand pay taxes and should be served their languages notwithstanding. Gillespie (1) reminds us that when the question of language comes up many argue that it is aimed at dividing as it has remained a hot button to touch.Many politicians argue that immigrants have been coming to America and have consequently contributed without holding back to the nation and eventually working to fulfill their dreams of better lives for their families and themselves. For this reason declaring English as an official language these immigrants would turn their backs on the American common dream. Conclusion The many reasons brought forth strongly propose that English should be made the of ficial language of the United States. On the other hand, valid opposition on the issue also comes up, bearing weight which should be negated at policymakers peril.English as the official language has many benefits to offer to the American citizens and the national unity at large. Homogeneity in language would cut down unnecessary costs encountered in the education and in judicial courts not forgetting polarization of the ethnic groups overtly felt and seen around the world. Moreover, it would be a plus in enhancing stability of the American institutions. The pros override the cons and supporting English as official language in the U. S would bring more benefits than the demerits expressed.

Contributions of Biotechnology to Agriculture

Contributions of Biotechnology to AgricultureIntroductionThe Food and Agriculture Organization some 20 years ago released a paper stating that the trample of food for thought produced worldwide will not be able to provide the constant nutritional needs for the world population by this year (2010) as a staggering 25% increase in world population was projected, though this estimation has not materialised, it has constituentrated a lot of concerns as in that location has been a 4-fold population increase in the last century (1918 2009) which has led to the operations of biotechnology to agriculture or in other words the Agrobiotechnology to enhance maximum food occupation in an economic demeanor.The need for the application of biotechnology to crops was also necessitated as a result of the massive crop loss due to sucking lo aim pests as at that time was treated with pesticides which be expensive and and so there was a need to sustain the productivity yields of crops which was not given practically of a chance as world population was on the rise. Biotechnology was able to provide prospects of producing novel, developed, safer and inexpensive crops in agricultural practices. (Brown, 1992)Agriculture is defined simply as the activities involved in the merchandise of food crops and rearing of store sentient beings, composition biotechnology was defined jointly by FAO and WHO (1996) as the integration of congenital sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services. Therefore Agrobiotechnology techniques according to Huttner et al, (1995) are implemented to reduce cost of production of crops and increasing food productivity by increasing food quality and food processing traits, adequate disease or pest electric resistance, improving environmental stress tolerance, and the control of weeds which has led to the development of (genetically modified ) GM crops in some parts of the world.Plant breeding techniques with the use of molecular markers such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSRP, CAPS and SSCP were improved for plants genome mapping as well as to determine plants phenotypes and select desirable traits for the proper modification of crops depending on the gene of interest that is to be collective into several populations of plants or crops generated by crosses. (Mohan et al, 1996)Several biotechnology approaches have also been applied in livestock farming basically because there is a customary belief that the biotechnological steps to humans are just one step ahead of those applied to animals which involves the modification of animals to observe desirable traits. (Becker and Cowan, 2009)According to Fernandez-Cornejo (2008), the fundamental contributions of the application of biotechnology to agriculture depends on the acknowledgement of its prospective possible benefits and risks, however, this essay will focus on the potential contributions of biotechnology to agriculture (plants and animals) taking into consider the advantages as well as the disadvantages of the technologyPlant (Crop) BiotechnologyPlant biotechnology developments was based on the cell theory as described by Vasil (2007) and has witnessed remarkable expansion in the last 10 years which has focused majorly on making crop production efficient and producing crops with desired traits. Plants and crops need to thump well some Biotic and Abiotic stresses to increase their productivity which led to the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops about 20 years ago which have been commercialized over the past 10 years either with single traitor multiple traits GM crops as the name implies that genes of a crop are taken and tape drivered to another(prenominal) crop or already present genes are manipulated with the main purpose of changing the features of the crop in question which may be either the way the crop develops or matures. Addre ssed in the next paragraph are traits that have been transferred to biotechnology or GM crops to increase their yield.Insect/pest resistance Ferry et al (2005) estimated that 10 20% of major crops are lost to insects or pests and crops are genetically modified to be poisonous and harmful to pests that blow the crops, an example is the application of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) genes to grow cotton (in China and South Africa) and corn thereby reducing pesticide use, increasing profits, yields and health benefits to farmers who apply pesticides without protective clothes. (Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2004) ailment resistance Described in details by Raybould and Gray (1993), fungal, bacterial and viral infestations to crops and plants have been suppressed by genetically modifying plants to be disease wicked for example the ongoing research to reduce the viral and fungal infections to sweet potatoes and bananas respectively.Abiotic stress resistance Motavalli et al (2004) disc ussed the ongoing extensive research to modify crops to be able to survive in unfavourable environmental conditions such as drought, heat, cold, frost, extreme soil conditions and significantly increase food security for example the use of trehalose genes to grow strain in India to protect it from dehydration.Herbicide tolerance This trait enables a wide range of weeds to be controlled by modifying crops to be repellant to the effects of weed thereby lowering costs of herbicides, reducing tillage and effective weed control measures as discussed in Sharma et al (2002) in the harvest of soybeans in Argentina.Improved nutritional value Plant biotechnologies has enabled crops to be modified to contain supplemental nutrients inadequate in diets for example the enhancement of -carotene in rice to increase vitamin A to prevent blindness which is as a result of vitamin A deficiency.Biopharmaceuticals Biotechnology applications in plants has been used to produce vaccines and medicines according to Sharma et al (2002) which has enabled production and easy diffusion of cheap vaccines as in the modification of potatoes to produce bacterial vaccines for E.coli.GM crops have been widely accepted worldwide (25 countries currently) both in industrial and developing countries as shown in figure 1 mainly because of their advantages which are either economical or environmental. Apart from the fact that plant or crop biotechnology has improved the productivity and yield of crops, other economic benefits in relation to the features of GM crops are further discussedAs described by Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2004), the growth of a large variety of crops by farmers have been enhanced as there a good resistance to biotic (insects, pests or diseases) and abiotic (drought, frost, heat) conditions. With the resistance of GM crops to insects and pests, the use of pesticides is greatly reduced which in turn reduces the costs of growing these crops. Farmers are able to generate more income owing to the decrease of the cost of farming and generation of higher yields which consequently reduce the prices of crops thereof alleviating poverty and starvation levels in the economy. GM crops have an improved nutrition levels thus sicknesses and illnesses are consequently averted with a better diet even in underdeveloped countries. Since GM crops can remain fresher over a big period of timefor example in tomatoes, the shelf life can be increased in the market. The ability of GMO crops to withstand abiotic conditions such as drought has increased food security while the cheaper production of biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines and other medicines in GM plants has led to a great ease of distribution and manufacture of vaccines thus improving healthcare systems.Environmental benefits of GM crops as discussed by Gatehouse et al (1992) Wieczorek (2003) and Gatehouse (2005), includes the less use or no use of pesticides and insecticides which may be contaminants in th e environment (land or water) and could accumulate as residues on foods thus more environmental friendly pesticides can be used while in most cases there is no need to use pesticides. Natural resources sustainability is also improved as there is less use of energy or chemicals (pesticides) while natural habitats are conserved for more efficient applications. GM crops have reduced the pressure on vegetation and biodiversity is maintained while there is a less risk of desertification and soil erosion since GM crops can be grown anywhere irrespective of abiotic conditions.According to the advantages of biotechnology described in figure 2 above, these benefits can only be achieved if the risks and concerns which constitute the disadvantages are investigated, realised and averted. (Mannion, 1995). The potential risks of biotechnology applications to crops and plants can either be health related, environmental or social as further discussed.Wieczorek, (2003) discusses the potential risk o f introducing toxins and allergens into GM crops while genetic modification technology is underway is of great concern as there is a potential risk of allergens and toxins being transferred into improved crops while also emphasizing the concerns raised about the use of molecular markers during gene transfer as there is a potential risk of diseases being resistant to clinical antibiotic treatments as a result of transfer of resistance encode genes which may contain novel bacterial strains. Of great concern as discussed by Hobbs and Plunkett, 1999 is the fact that the long term health effects of the consumption of GM crops over a long time is unknown.Of environmental concerns is the potential risk of GM crops hybridizing with related weeds which may result in superweeds that are more complicated to manage while genetic modification of plants could pose a risk of unintentional gene transfer to non GM crops from GM crops thus the former become wild plants creating ecological instabilit ies as discussed by Soregaroli and Wesseler, (2003). Wieczorek, (2003) suggests that the release of GM crops into the environment may pose unpredicted and adverse effects as it was emphasized by the fatal actions of Bt corn on the larvae of Monarch butterfly, though the possibility of this happening is very doubtful. Due to the fact that insect pests may get resistant to crop-fortification traits of GM crops, a swift resistance can build up among pest populations as it was feared with Bt crops while biological diversity in nature stand a great risk of being adversely affected as there may be an increase on the reliance of GM crops which could intensify failure of non-GM crops and put at risk food security.A social concern as discussed by Persley and Siedow, (199) raises the arguments of GM crops being labelled as practiced in the U.S.A where Gm crops carry a label showing a difference in while another concern is the inadequate regain to seeds of GM crops or food plants that have b een patented as these seeds cannot be saved for replanting. GM crops/food plants have been referred to as unnatural by critics as they are modified by humans and not found in nature as other crops created by God thus causing ruckus of religious and ethical concerns as discussed in Knight (2008) while it is feared that these GM plants could someday turn into weeds, adversely affect the natural ecosystem due to direct and collateral impacts on non-targeted plants/crops as described by Azadi and Ho, (2009).Animal BiotechnologyAnimal biotechnology was described by Cowan and Becker, (2006) as series of techniques by which living beings are genetically modified to benefit humans and animals by exploiting and introducing desirable trait which is as a result of the genetic code being discovered in the early 1950s with technologies including embryo transfer, transgenics, in-vitro fertilization, sexual practiceing embryo, cloning and gene knockout but with transgenics being the most commerci alized while cloning being the technique skirt with a great deal controversy.Animal biotechnologies have not received much attention as attributed to plant/crop biotechnology as there is so much controversy surrounding its applications as there is a general concern that these applications could one day be applied to humans since its just a step ahead of the applications to livestock to observe desired traits.Embryo transfer, In-vitro fertilization, sexing embryo and even cloning can be classified as reproducing technologies that have several advantages as described by Gordon, 2004 which includes the improvement of the reproducing capacities of livestock, the reduction of the level of infertility in animals, enablement of old livestock to donate ovules if they cant maintain pregnancies, the observation of specific sex (male or female) as desired traits while the embryos in all these techniques can also be stored in an embryo bank and can be slowly retrieved when required. Gene kno ckout/targeting techniques has a major advantage of increasing the knowledge of stem cells and similar genes that may be present in humans and livestock and can be use to study diseases and ailments as discussed by Serhan and Ward, (1999).Cloning of animals is also preferential as it provides farmers with a range of better performing animals in a generation, is used to improve the population of livestock or endangered animals while inexpensive and many biologically engineered drugs can be modified by using genes that can encode proteins from human as discussed by Van Niekerk, (2005).Application of transgenics which is performed either by microinjection or homologous recombination however is the most advantageous and commercialized animal biotechnology with several examples as shown in table 1, below.As numerous as the advantages and contributions of animal biotechnology are, there are inactive health, environmental and social concerns that want to constitute as disadvantages to th e biotechnology applications for instance the safety of food from GM animals could pose a threat to human health as unpredicted and unintended changes may arise in their composition while environmental issues are based on the break out of gene flow into natural populations as feared especially in superfish as escape into habitats will disrupt natural ecosystems and may cause the introduction of undiscovered genes into the environment. Cowan and Becker (2006). cordial acceptance concerns has been a major disadvantage of animal biotechnologies as discussed by Becker and Cowan (2009) which arise from labelling, welfare of animals, genetic biodiversity and trade issues have limited the commercialization of animal biotechnologies.Purpose/ AdvantageAnimal ModelsFaster Growth/ Leaner meatCattle, pig, rabbits, sheepAltered milk composition (higher protein)CattleBiosteel production in milk targetReduced phosphorous in swine feaces (Enviropig)PigIncreased wool productionSheepDisease resistan cePig, sheep, rabbitXenotransplantation (animal organs for humans)PigAquaculture (Growth Hormones of Superfish)Salmon doing of human protein in milkSheepProduction of pharmaceuticals and therapeuticsSheep, cattleTable 1 Applications of Transgenics in Farm Animals. Modified from original source Cowan and Becker (2006)

AC DC Three Phase Generators

AC DC Three Phase GeneratorsAims and ObjectivesThe main objective of this survey is to draw and quarter the investigation into operating characteristics of AC-DC Three-Phase generators and labors.The following subjects must be covered in this report for it to success skillfuly document the investigation, these subjects will be constructed using a series of lab experiments and learner comments-Operating characteristics of DC and AC generators preparation resistive, capacitive and inductive loads.Relationship between whet, current, magnate actor, and capacity of a cage certainty ram, capacitor start induction motor, par totallyel motor and DC motor.Analyse the results from each of the experiments d star and provide representical recordical analysis of the results.Introduction/ BackgroundIt is hearty k in a flashn that the most regular type of king to be generated around the world is triple phase AC. The reasons being are-Three phase power is needed for the use of the most efficient types of industrial motors.It is considered to be the most efficient do work of electrical energy to generate and distri besidese.Due to the performance of three phase, the size and weight of devices using it such as generators and motors are lower compared to devices using other power formations.Although it should be noted that the performance of an AC system is dependant on the power factor, not just the load in terms of current.In-order to successfully investigate the subject of AC vs. DC a descend of six practical try ons were completed, the practical leavens will be documented in the following report and analysed.The tests completed-AC induction motor torsion-speed characteristicsAC parallel motor tortuousness-speed characteristicsAC capacitor start induction motor tortuousness-speed characteristicsDC motor torque-speed characteristicsDC generator output characteristicsAC generator output characteristicsAC summoning Motor scrutinyAn induction motor is an a coetaneous motor where through electrocharismatic induction power is supplied to the rotating device. In some contexts an induction motor mint be described as a rotating transformer because the stator offer be shown to be the primary meandering(a) and the rotor as the secondary winding. initiation motors can be found regularly in industrial situations.Induction motors get their popularity from being rugged in construction, and from not having brushes.There is to a greater extent than one design of induction motor a few examples are-Squirrel Cage rotor coil MotorWound rotor MotorDouble Cage Rotor MotorEach of the above motor designs has its own merits the type of motor to be used in this experiment is the cage rotor motor.Squirrel Cage Rotor Motor-A cage induction motor rotor shown in the illustration below consists of a series of conducting bars laid into slots carved into the organisation of the rotor and shorted at either end by large shorting rings. The design is know n as the cage rotor because of the conducting bars, if examined they can be seen to look standardized a squirrel or hamsters exercise wheel.1Squirrel Cage Motor ConstructionTestThe purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor.The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are-SpeedCurrentOutput great power spring Factor competencyThe basic idea behind the test, the motor is shape at full speed and is machine-accessible to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less(prenominal) amounts of torque. exiting at low motor torque, readings of current cinqueage and power are interpreted, then readings continue to be taken all they track to nigh stalling point.The test equipment is as follows-Circuit Diagram for Cage Rotor Induction Motor Test-Block DiagramTo further explain and simplify, a hedge diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. stopMotorT hree Phase SupplyTorque ControlSpeed (rev/min)Am pulse, volt meter, westward meterTest ProcedureA completely extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment galvanic Machines FH2 identify to appendix .Results Table T.1Torque (Nm)Speed (rev/min)Output Power (W)Wattmeter Wa (W)Wattmeter Wb (W)Input Power (W) imbibe Current (A) field of operation Voltage (V)Volt-Amperes (VA)Power FactorEfficiency (p.u.)0.1150015.708800800.35245148.523360.53860.19634950.2145030.3698510950.38245161.253930.58910.31967080.3145045.5539520cxv0.4245169.740980.67750.39611390.4144060.319100301300.42245178.228030.72940.46398910.5142574.613110401500.45245190.95860.78550.49741880.6140087.965120501700.5245212.176220.80120.51743880.71390101.89130601900.55245233.393850.81410.53627540.81360113.94145652100.57245241.88090.86820.54254810.91350127.23clx802400.65245275.829090.87010.530143811.11.21.31.4The determine for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power fact or and efficiency were calculated using the following races-Problems-Before the results are expressed in graphical recordical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one major issue occurred during the induction motor test. The fault was due to a fit out error. A contact lens was missing on one of the watt meters which caused the motor to single phase and not rotate. It was easy to see that it was single phasing because the current measured for one of the phases was zero, indicating an clear circuit somewhere. The link was quickly replaced and the test could begin.Graphical Analysis-Now the report illustrates the results in the table T.1 in a graphical form, to make resemblance the results from the test equipment manufacture curb been included as a guide.Speed vs. TorqueThe above graph shows the race between speed and torque, it shows that at a low torque the speed is at its maximum but as the torque growths the adverse happens to the speed. This is expected because increasing the torque of the motor is adding more mechanical load, thus slowing the motor down.2Manufactures graph of Speed versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor)The graph above is a representation of the results that the manufacturer of the test machines gives as a guide. It is possible to see that from a torque of 0.1Nm to 0.9Nm the results are same to the report authors. The torque was not taken any higher than 0.9Nm in the authors test as stalling the motor was not a desired outcome.Output Power vs. TorqueThis graph shows the relationship of output power versus torque taken from the lab results in table T.1 it has an obvious foldar upward slide. It is expected that the output power increases as more load is put on the motor, because the motor has to work harder to maintain rotation.3Manufactures graph of Output Power versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor)The manufactures results also share the same upward trend as the autho rs, but again the manufacture has taken the results past 0.9Nm and taken the motor into a stalling condition.Line Current versus TorqueThe graph above shows the results of torque against line current, a good upward trend is visible. This indicates that as the torque increases so does the line current, this again is due to the increase in load on the motor.4Manufactures graph of Line Current versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor)The guide results from the manufacture complement the results that the author recorded. A steady rise is shown from around 0.35-0.4A to 0.6-0.7A at about 0.9Nm.Power Factor versus TorqueThe graph is showing the results from the practical lab experiment, the calculated power factor versus the torque. It can be seen from the upward trend of the graph that as the torque of the motor increases, so does the power factor. It will be later seen in the report that because the power factor increases with torque so will the efficiency.5Manufactures graph of Power Factor versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor)The guide results above show similarities with the results gained through practical lab experiments.Torque vs. EfficiencyThe graph is showing the relationship between efficiency and torque, the efficiency increases as the torque does, this is expected because the output power increases with the torque. The peak efficiency occurs at around 0.75-0.8Nm after which the efficiency starts to reduce.6Manufactures graph of Efficiency versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor)The graph above shows the relationship of torque and efficiency, the manufactures results show a similar trend to that of the authors. The results from the manufactures show more of the downward trend after 0.8Nm to eventually stalling point.ConclusionOverall the results acquired through practical experiment show encouraging results, both towards theory and also towards the manufactures guide results. both(prenominal) of the graphs could have been a more steady results but it is not possib le to get perfect results on something like this without doing the test many more time and victorious average values. The trends do illustrate what is expected, so this means the equipment was set up correctly, and the test was carried out uniformly to manufactures guidelines. The induction motor is capable of supplying torque when needed but it will not maintain a constant speed.AC Synchronous Motor TestThe major characteristic of a coexistent motor is that it stays at a constant speed regardless of no load or full load. Under certain conditions they can produce a power factor that is capable of correcting a low power factor from an inductive load. A common use for a synchronous motor is to drive a DC generator. They come in all sizes from small to thousands of horsepower.The synchronous motor works by the application of three-phase AC power to the stator which causes a rotating magnetic field. The rotor sits inside this magnetic field, and is energised with a DC electromotive force. The rotating magnetic field of the stator attracts the rotor magnetic field caused by the DC voltage, and a strong rotating force is then imposed on the rotor shaft.This is one of the disadvantages of the synchronous motor, it needs a DC excitation voltage to start without this the rotor will not start turning. This characteristic causes the motor to have poor starting torque, most of its torque is when it is running at synchronous speed.7Showing the parts making up a synchronous motorTestThe purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC synchronous motor.The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are-CurrentOutput PowerPower FactorEfficiencySpeed has not been considered because of the way the motor operates, a constant speed should be apparent throughout the test.In the test the motor is ran at full speed, and an adjustable brake unit will control the levels of torque the motor produces. Measurements of current, voltage and power a re taken at low to high torque points to get the torque characteristics of the motor.Test Equipment-Circuit Diagram for Synchronous Motor Test-Block DiagramTo further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates.Three Phase SupplyBrakeMotorDC Rotor SupplyTorque ControlSpeed (rev/min)Ammeter, volt meter, watt meterTest ProcedureThe test procedure that was followed can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2, refer to appendix.Results Table T.2Torque (Nm)Speed (rev/min)Output Power (W)Wattmeter Wa (W)Wattmeter Wb (W)Input Power (W)Line Current (A)Line Voltage (V)Volt-Amperes (VA)Power FactorEffieciency (p.u.)0150000440.0524521.217620.188500.0515007.8540880.0524521.217620.3770.9817480.1150015.71010100.0524521.217620.47131.5707960.2150031.421012220.0524521.217621.03691.4279970.3150047.122020400.124542.435240.94261.1780970.4150062.833030600.1524563.652870.94261.0471980. 5150078.543839770.224584.870490.90731.0199980.6150094.255046960.25245106.08810.90490.9817480.7150011055521070.25245106.08811.00861.0276240.81500125.760651250.3245127.30570.98191.005310.91500141.470721420.35245148.52340.95610.99557511.11.21.31.4The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency are calculated using the following relationships-Graphical Analysis-The report now includes graphical representation of the results table T.2 the guide graphs from the TecQuipment the machine manufacture have been included to compare result reliability.Output Power vs. TorqueThe above shows the relationship between torque and output power, it can be seen that as the torque produced increases so does the output power. This outcome is expected because the motor has to turn a great load and remain at a constant speed.8Manufactures graph of Output Power versus Torque (Synchronous Motor)The manufactures graph also shows the output power increasing with the torque.L ine Current versus TorqueThe line current in this graph is taking an upwards trend indicating as the torque produced is increased so does the line current. The motor is working harder to produce more torque and therefore putting more load on the line.9Manufactures graph of Line current versus Torque (Synchronous Motor)The manufactures graph shows a smoothing increase in line current against torque but does compare with the results gained from the test.Power Factor versus TorqueThe power factor in this graph is shown to increase to a level above 0.8 very quickly and stays there till the end of the test (0.9Nm). Synchronous motors normally run at a very good power factor close to unity, and this is represented in the results from the test.10Manufactures graph of Power Factor versus Torque (Synchronous Motor)The manufactures guide graph shows a similar trend to that of the report authors.Efficiency vs. TorqueThe above graph showing the relationship of torque and efficiency shows a real ly good level of efficiency produced by the motor, but the trend is not very reliable as it would not be expected to go past 1. Synchronous motors do have good efficiency higher than that of induction motors.11Manufactures graph of Efficiency versus Torque (Synchronous Motor)The manufactures graph shows a much more reliable trend of efficiency of the synchronous motor, but it does still show that the motor is very efficient.ConclusionThe results for this test could have been better and if the test was to be repeated then more motion would be made to get better measurements. Although with this in mind the graphs do show what is expected from a synchronous motor in terms of torque characteristics.In comparison to the induction motor, the synchronous motor has improved characteristics of-Less load in terms of current on the line.Better Power factor (closer to unity)Better EfficiencyIt would be interesting to find out the difference in starting torque capacity of the two motors because the induction motor would be expected to have a greater starting torque than the synchronous, based on the research into the operation of these two types of motor.AC Capacitor Start Induction Motor TestThe most common AC induction motor in use today is probably the single phase induction motor. The reasons for this are that they require little maintenance, and are the least expensive. In the single phase AC induction motor the stator magnetic field does not rotate, it barely alternates polarity as a result of the AC voltage changing polarity. Through magnetic induction a voltage is induced in the rotor, merely this alone will not cause the motor to turn. This is why starting methods are needed for single phase AC induction motors.Capacitor StartIn this type of induction motor the stator is made up of a main winding and a starting winding. The starting winding is connected in series with a capacitor, which offers between the two windings a phase difference of 90 degrees. The resul t when the motor is started is that between the two windings a rotating magnetic field is created and is enough to start the motor. Once nearly full speed occurs then a speed sensitive switch cuts out the starting winding and the motor runs as a single phase motor. In this way of starting the starting winding is not designed to give the motor high starting torque and so only small motors can use this system.TestThe purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor.The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are-SpeedCurrentOutput PowerPower FactorEfficiencyThe basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point.Test Equipment-Circuit Diagram for Synchrono us Motor Test-Block DiagramTo further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates.BrakeMotorThree Phase SupplyTorque ControlSpeed (rev/min)Ammeter, volt meter, watt meterTest ProcedureAn extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix .Results Table T.3Torque (Nm)Speed (rev/min)Output Power (W)Input Power (W)Supply Current (A)Line Voltage (V)Volt-Amperes (VA)Power FactorEffieciency (p.u.)0.1145015.182501.7245416.50.60.06073750.2145030.372901.75245428.750.6760.10471980.3145045.553101.82454410.7030.14694550.4144860.653301.81245443.450.7440.1837990.5142574.613551.9245465.50.7630.2101770.6140087.963901.97245482.650.8080.22555020.71390101.94212.05245502.250.8380.24202450.81350113.14702.22455390.8720.24063260.911.11.21.31.41.5The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using t he following relationships-Problems-Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one major issue occurred during the induction motor test. The fault was due to a wiring error. A link was missing on one of the watt meters which caused the motor to single phase and not rotate. It was easy to see that it was single phasing because the current measured for one of the phases was zero, indicating an open circuit somewhere. The link was quickly replaced and the test could begin.Graphical Analysis-Now the report illustrates the results in the table T.1 in a graphical form, to make comparison the results from the test equipment manufacture have been included as a guide.Speed vs. TorqueSupply Current versus TorquePower Factor versus TorqueEfficiency vs. TorqueConclusionOverall the results acquired through practical experiment show encouraging results, both towards theory and also towards th e manufactures guide results. Some of the graphs could have been a more steady result but it is not possible to get perfect results on something like this without doing the test many more times and taking average values. The trends do illustrate what is expected, so this means the equipment was set up correctly, and the test was carried out uniformly to manufactures guidelines.DC Motor TestThe working article of belief behind any DC motor is the attraction and repulsion of magnets. The simplest motors use electromagnets on a shaft, with permanent magnets in the case of the motor that attract and take the electromagnets. The reason for using electromagnets is so that it is possible to flip their magnetic field (their north and south poles).So the electromagnet is attracted to one of the permanent magnets. As soon as it reaches the permanent magnet, its north and south poles flip so that it is repelled from that magnet and attracted to the other permanent magnet. This video shows yo u the parts and how they fit togetherTestThe purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor.The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are-SpeedCurrentEfficiencyThe basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point.Test Equipment-Circuit Diagram for DC Motor Test-Block DiagramTo further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates.BrakeMotorThree Phase SupplyTorque ControlSpeed (rev/min)Ammeter, volt meter, watt meterTest ProcedureAn extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix .Results Tab le T.4Torque (Nm)Speed (rev/min)Voltage (V)Current (A)Input Power (W)Output Power (W)Efficiency (p.u.)0.0546001040.5557.224.0855440.4210759380.139001040.6567.640.8407040.6041524330.1532001040.757850.2654820.6444292620.228001040.993.658.6430630.6265284490.252600104110468.0678410.6544984690.323001041.15119.672.2566310.6041524330.3521001041.2124.876.969020.6167389420.419001041.35140.479.5870140.5668590730.4518001041.515684.8230020.543737190.516001041.6166.483.7758040.5034603610.5515001041.7176.886.3937980.4886527030.614001041.85192.487.9645940.4571964360.6513001041.9197.688.4881930.4478147420.712501042.1218.491.6297860.4195503010.7512001042.15223.694.247780.421501698The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using the following relationships-Problems-Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one maj